天竺桂日本龟蜡蚧防治试验

2006年对永安市区行道树天竺桂上的日本龟蜡蚧采用树干基部注射及叶面喷雾防治试验,结果表明:注射防治法效果较差,不宜使用;而喷雾法4种可湿性粉剂均有较好效果,防治效果达75.6%~93.3%之间。从防治效果与成本两方面考虑,防治时应优先选用杀灭2 000倍液、删虫1 000倍液,其次是利克虱1 000倍液,最后是欧贝1 000倍液。防治时机应掌握在初孵若虫期进行。     

菇螨的诱杀

菇螨是蘑菇生产中常见的虫害,用低浓度的化学药物防治,往往效果不佳。下面介绍4种诱杀菇螨的方法,效果较好,可供菇农选用。菜籽饼诱杀法:在菇螨发生危害的床面上,铺上若干块湿布,湿布上面放上纱布。把刚炒好的菜籽饼粉撒在纱布上,待菇螨聚集在纱布上后用开水烫死。精醋诱杀法:用1千克醋兑1千克水,加10克蔗糖,滴入2至4滴敌敌畏搅匀,将纱布放在配好的糖醋溶液中浸泡一下,然后铺在菇床上。待菇螨聚集到纱布上后,取下纱布用开水烫。可用纱布重复浸入糖醋液,反复诱杀,直到杀完为止。猪骨头诱杀法:把新鲜的猪骨头相隔排放在菇螨危害的床面上,待诱…     

灯光诱杀马尾松毛虫试验及示范推广

在马尾松纯林开展双色高效诱虫灯、黑光灯、普通白炽灯诱杀松毛虫试验。其结果表明,２５０Ｗ双色高效诱虫灯防治效果最好,诱杀马尾松毛虫可达８８９％。每公顷防治成本为２９６元。经大面积示范推广,虫情由预测的５级以上降至３级以下。     

灯光诱杀马尾松毛虫试验及示范推广

在马尾松纯林开展双色高效诱虫灯,黑光灯,普通白炽灯诱杀松毛虫试验,其结果表明,２５０Ｗ双色高效诱虫灯防治效果最好,诱杀马尾松毛虫可达８８．９％,每公顷防治成本为２．９６元,经大面积示范推广,虫情由预测的５级以上降至３级以下。     

江油市森林鼠害应用性防治试验结果初报

本文对江油市的森林鼠害进行了4种应用性防治方法试验,即：化学毒饵法、人工抚育法、生物防治法和器械防治法。试验结果初步表明：化学毒饵法优于生物防治法,生物防治法优于器械防治法,器械防治法优于人工抚育法。但从保护森林环境的角度出发,笔者提出应综合4种防治方法防治江油市森林鼠害,其效果更好。     

浅谈几种杀菌油剂在大兴安岭落叶松枯梢病防治中的应用

落叶松枯梢病 (Botryosphareia L aricina) 是我国东北地区落叶松人工林普遍发生的一种真菌病害之一 ,危害极大 ,已被国家正式列为检疫对象。由于大兴安岭地区对该病害防治上的研究非常少 ,加格达奇林业局2 0 0 1年在加格达奇地区室内和林间 ,对落叶松早期落叶病分别使用几种不同的杀菌油剂 ,并分别采用烟剂、液剂和涂干等方法进行对比试验。从中得出适合于大兴安岭地区的杀菌剂有五氯酚和克菌丹烟剂防治效果最好 ,五氯酚钠和福美砷烟剂次之 ;液剂防治中福美砷 5 0 0倍液、百菌清原液和福美砷 2 0 0倍液防治落叶松枯梢病 ,防治效果在 6 0 %～ 70 %范围内 ,其中福美砷 5 0 0倍液的效果要好些 ;敌克松涂干防治效果要好些。通过药害测定对其它植物药害非常小 ,使用以上杀菌剂安全可靠     

松材线虫病多种防治措施成效探究

为了研究松材线虫病的多种防治措施的效果,对枯死树清理、树干剂注射、药剂喷粉以及生物防治4种防治措施的效果进行了探究,并从防治效果、防治成本以及生态影响等方面进行了综合比较。试验区选择了近年来松材线虫病比较严重的遂昌县妙高街道上江村、妙高山公园、云峰街道长濂村作为试验用地,对4种防治措施进行了细致的设计和试验中的枯死松木检查统计,结果表明:4种防治措施的成本与防治效果都各有优缺点,但枯死木清理、树干剂注射效果最为明显,在今后的防治中可以将这2种措施作为主要措施,其它2种作为辅助措施,力求达到最优的防治效果。     

杨干象几种防治方法的效果对比

对杨干象的几种不同防治方法的防治效果进行对比试验调查,找出杨干象的操作简便、效果最佳的防治方法,更好地指导杨干象的防治工作。结果表明：采用2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10奴废机油混合制剂硬毛刷点涂蛀入孔和排粪孔,然后薄膜封缠蛀蚀干部的方法防治杨于象,药效持续时间长,防治效果较好,被害杨树伤口愈合较快。其次是注射2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10kg水混合制剂防治方法,适合幼虫期的杨干象防治,防治效果表现最佳。刀针锥刺法在滦平县最适合在5月上中旬的幼虫期,对表皮相对光滑坚硬的杨树树种进行杨干象防治,防治效果较好。杨干象成虫防治在成虫始化期采取2．5％溴氰菊酯350mL加10kg废机油混合制剂涂毒环阻隔法防治效果较好。     

新饵剂林间诱杀黑翅土白蚁应用技术研究

采用新饵剂林间诱杀技术在湖北省黄冈、襄阳、恩施、荆门等地,于黑翅土白蚁Odototermes formosanus(Shiraki)活动旺盛期进行诱杀防治。5月中旬—6月下旬工蚁出巢取食为害时进行第1次诱杀,防治效果可达80%,10月上旬—11月中旬第2次诱杀,防治效果达到98%以上。黑翅土白蚁对不同寄主树种的为害由重到轻依次为香樟,马尾松,杉木,槲栎,女贞,檫木,枫香。新饵剂在不同寄主树种上连续2次诱杀黑翅土白蚁,诱杀效果差异不显著。     

七种杀菌剂对侧柏叶枯病防治效果及适期测定

2012-2015年,针对侧柏叶枯病采用喷雾防治法,从7种常用杀菌剂中,每2种或3种组合配型,根据标准地调查法分析抑菌率和抑菌浓度,从中筛选出适合防治侧柏叶枯病的最佳药剂组合模式。3种药剂组合中各自的最佳组合浓度配置为,多菌灵800倍液+百菌清500倍液+叶枯唑800倍液,抑菌防治效果最好(90.2%);甲环唑800倍液+丙环唑100克,抑菌防治效果为80.0%;灭病威800倍液+退菌特500倍液,抑菌防治效果为70.1%。最佳防治时期为6月中旬。     

杀虫灯诱杀松毛虫的试验

通过在鹤岗市红旗林场设点布灯诱杀落叶松毛虫试验,结果表明:双灯诱杀效果好于单灯,晴天、无风天诱杀效果好。最佳开灯时间为20:00至4:00;采用杀虫灯诱杀落叶松毛虫防治成本为60元.hm2,比化学药剂防治成本低50%。     

聚集化合物林间引诱测报松小蠹成虫发生期的研究

为了研究聚集化合物对松小蠹的林间引诱活性,探讨用聚集信息素进行林间诱集和种群监测的方法,在陆良县云南松纯林中进行了引诱试验.结果表明,除(-)APX*外,几种供试化合物对松小蠹均有一定的引诱效果,(-)APX加MBXT、(-)APX加MBXS复配方化合物的引诱效果明显高于其他化合物,漏斗状诱捕器诱虫量明显高于IMP诱捕器.对试验林分松小蠹种群动态的监测实践表明,用聚集化合物诱集成虫测报松小蠹成虫扬飞期,确定清理及防治的最佳时期,提高了清理、防治的针对性和准确性,具有较好的灵敏度和可靠性.     

南京裂爪螨防治研究

福建省是我国毛竹主要产区 ,全省竹林面积 82 4万hm2 ,居全国第一。竹业是福建主要产业 ,是农村经济的重要组成 ,竹业发展的好坏关系到农村脱贫致富奔小康。福建省高度重视竹业发展 ,2 0 0 1年重点投资竹业开发二期示范工程 ,建设丰产示范基地。但近年来福建省毛竹林受到南京裂爪螨(Schizotetranychusnanjingensis)、竹缺爪螨 (Aponychuscorpuzae)严重危害 ,造成早期落叶 ,叶片焦黄似火烧状 ,竹笋产量大大降低 (张艳璇等 ,1 997a ;1 997b ;刘巧云等 ,2 0 0 0 ) ,制约了毛竹速生丰产示范基地建设。据调查 ,福建省毛竹害螨发生面积达 6 8万h…     

辽阳地区松纵坑切梢小蠹防治试验

本文对松纵坑切梢小蠹防治技术进行了较为系统的防治试验,结果表明:采取营林措施预防,平均梢被害减退率可达到73.5%;林间设置饵木诱杀,平均越冬虫口减退率可达到56.7%;利用聚集信息素诱捕器诱捕,平均梢被害减退率可达到82.2%;根部喷施8%氯氰菊酯微胶囊水剂200倍或1.5%对硫磷粉剂,杀虫效果均在95.0%以上;在平均气温20℃条件下,利用56%磷化铝颗粒剂12 g.m-3熏蒸饵木,第5天的杀虫效果达到100.0%。     

Long-term effects of an insecticide application on non-target arthropods in winter wheat - a field study over 2 seasons

The effects of the insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) on non-target arthropods in winter wheat were studied throughout two successive seasons in 1998 and 1999. The study particularly focussed on the crop in the growing season after insecticide application (also winter wheat) for detection of potential long-term effects and for determination of the suitability of different sampling methods.The investigations were based on the assumption that arthropod immigration from surrounding areas is limited in large fields. For this reason a simple approach seemed to be feasible. Two plots of equal size (10 ha, adjusted to each other) were defined in a 100 ha field and designated control and treatment plots. Ten sampling points were established on each plot. The following monitoring methods were utilised: visual counting, sweep netting and pitfall trapping. In the first year of investigation, countings and catches were carried out 2 days prior to insecticide application and 2, 16, 30 and 44 days after application. In the next year, they were carried out 365 days and 384 days after insecticide application in the successive crop of winter wheat.At the time of the first sampling prior to insecticide application, the two plots showed significant differences with respect to arthropod density or activity, particularly in visual counting and to a minor degree to sweep netting and pitfall trapping. Lower densities or activities were observed in the plot reserved for treatment. Measures for mathematical equalisation of the results of population densities before pesticide treatment should be considered.After insecticide application, the densities or activities of non-target arthropods decreased, particularly in visual counting and sweep netting. After one year, these effects disappeared to a large extent. Several groups of arthropods reached even higher levels in the treated plot than in the untreated one. The pitfall traps revealed weak activity-decreasing effects in carabids and spiders in the treated plot, but the opposite tendency for staphylinids. Hence, it seems that the conditions in a large field are less homogeneous, and that smaller scale conditions can support processes of recovery in non-target populations.     

应用聚集信息素防治松小蠹的初步研究

应用聚集信息素对小蠹虫进行监测,通过不同诱芯和不同地点的野外试验,筛选出诱集和监测效果最好的组合为2AP＋NL＋MT＋TV,组合2AP＋NL＋TV的诱集和检测效果次之,组合2AP的诱集效果也很理想。应用聚集信息素对小蠹虫进行监测用组合为2AP＋NL＋MT＋TV的效果最好;而应用聚集信息素对小蠹虫进行防治则应用组合为2AP的最好,经济效益和防治效果综合起来是最好的。     

不同植物性诱杀剂室内引诱圆唇散白蚁能力测定研究

圆唇散白蚁（Reticlleitermes Labralis Hsiaet Fan）在山西省是新记录种,利用扇形嗅觉仪在室内进行了4种植物性诱杀剂对圆唇散白蚁引诱效果的测定研究。结果表明：引诱效果最好的是氟虫胺诱杀管,其次为吡唑类诱杀管,而生物诱杀包和克蚁灵诱杀条对圆唇散白蚁没有引诱效果。     

不同催芽方法和播种期对福建山樱花种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响

介绍了福建山樱花种子采集和处理方法,并研究了不同催芽方法和播种期对种子发芽率与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,变温沙藏或冷藏的种子次年春播种的发芽率分别达94.5%和90.03%,变温沙藏的种子当年夏季播种的发芽率达83.8%,均能获得较高的发芽率;采种当年播种的苗木,以变温沙藏的地径和苗高为最大,分别达0.49 cm和24.47 cm,即采即播的地径和苗高为最小;采种次年播种的,以常温沙藏的地径和苗高最大,分别达0.90 cm和77.65 cm。     

蛀干类害虫引诱剂主要性能和技术指标试验

试验表明:当年生产的规格为300 mL的瓶装蛀干类害虫引诱剂,林间诱捕松墨天牛的持效时间在23 d以上;在阴凉干燥密封条件下,储存1或2 a,其林间持效时间基本无影响;储存1 a对林间诱捕松墨天牛成虫效果无影响;储存2 a诱捕效果是新药的77.78%。不同方向诱捕效果不同;设置在东西走向山脊线上的诱捕器诱捕效果南面最高,东面次之,北面、西面较差;东、南两个方向的诱捕量占总诱捕量的68%;西面与北面的诱捕率间的差异不显著,而其余每两个方向之间的诱捕率均存在极显著差异。     

A method for trapping hylobius abietis (L.) with a standardized bait and its potential for forecasting seedling damage

A method for trapping walking Hylobius abietis (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was developed and evaluated. Synergism between α‐pinene and ethanol in attracting H. abietis was confirmed. The effects of varying release rates of these substances and of adding other host terpenes were studied. A simple bait was developed containing α‐pinene and ethanol released from separate vials. The correlation between trap catch and seedling damage was estimated during May, June, and August on 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year‐old clear‐cuttings. In May and June, population levels were relatively high on all clear‐cuttings and no significant correlations were found. The August experiment showed a strong positive correlation between catch and damage. The percentage damaged seedlings per captured weevil was considerably higher in August than in May or June. Possibilities for developing a system for forecasting seedling damage using this trapping method are discussed.