浸没式膜生物反应器内膜面传质特性实验

应用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术测试膜面附近的气液两相流动力学特性,在6种不同曝气强度条件下,测试得到膜面附近的液相流场数据,并计算得到膜面传质系数、浓差极化边界层厚度以及膜面切向应力等膜面传质特性参数。结果表明,曝气强度和液相速度对膜面传质特性的影响较大,在一定范围内增加曝气强度可以使得膜面传质特性加强。本文的研究结果为膜生物反应器系统的优化设计提供了研究经验和实验数据。     

生啤酒膜法过滤除菌技术的试验研究

阐述了生啤酒膜法过滤除菌技术的试验研究方法。着重讨论了膜孔径的选择试验及操作压力，主流液流速对浓差极化和渗透通量的影响，运用二次回归正交组合设计的方法建立数学模型，寻求操作参数的最佳值，并初步探索了膜的再生方法。     

微滤膜组件流体动力学结构对透过速率的影响

膜组件流体动力学结构是影响膜分离性能的重要因素之一，附有透过液循环系统的膜装置，能提高膜的净水透过速率，若在一定透过速率下用其处理马铃薯蛋白液，所需的操作压力较低，有利于膜表面溶质的扩张，减轻浓度极化，缓慢透过速率的衰减，延长膜的清洗和消毒周期。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的建模、仿真及特性研究

以某款PEMFC为主要研究对象,通过分析活化过电压、欧姆过电压以及浓差过电压等多种数学描述,依据经验公式构造了PEMFC数学模型。在Simulink中搭建PEMFC稳态仿真模型,研究了工作温度、阳极氢气和阴极氧气的分压力、质子交换膜含水量各因素对PEMFC输出性能的影响。结果表明:仿真结果与典型燃料电池极化特性曲线基本相同,PEMFC模型具有良好的稳态性能,为其后续进一步优化提供参考。     

柑桔汁陶瓷膜微滤澄清和污染阻力试验

为了探讨柑桔汁微滤澄清技术及微滤膜污染阻力,建立膜清洗方法,研究以0.2 mm陶瓷膜微滤柑桔汁时膜通量变化及处理效果,结果表明：当温度30℃、压差0.16 MPa及膜面流速4 m/s时,全循环模式下稳定膜通量为22.4 L/(m2·h),浓缩模式下体积浓缩因子为12时,膜通量为10.6 L/(m2·h),澄清汁得率达91.67%;澄清汁浊度仅为0.62 NTU,澄清度高达99.93%,且各主要营养成分变化不大。通过建立膜污染阻力模型,考察操作参数对各分解阻力的影响,进而研究膜污染动力学后发现：压差对不可逆极化层阻力影响最为明显;增大膜面流速显著降低各极化层阻力,但对不可逆污染阻力作用不大;升高温度使得各阻力下降;膜污染可用拟二级速率方程描述。研究污染膜清洗过程,结果表明采用去离子水、1% NaOH和0.5% NaClO混合液、0.2% HNO3溶液依次清洗膜,膜通量可迅速恢复。     

农用地膜带来的环境污染和回收技术的分析研究

针对农用地膜带来的环境污染现象，论述了治理残膜的方法以及治理中存在的问题，并在此基础上进行了污染防治的应用研究。     

农用残膜污染现状及治理措施

随着农用塑料薄膜技术的不断进步和农用薄膜应用范围的不断扩大，农用残膜的污染问题越来越突出，成为制约农业可持续发展的阻力。介绍了农用残膜的污染现状以及对农田环境和农作物等带来的危害，提出治理农用残膜污染的措施。     

残膜污染及治理回收技术发展探讨

分析了残膜污染的现状和危害,并从地膜的生产和使用、残膜回收及再生利用等方面阐述了治理残膜污染的措施和建议,提出了行政、经济、技术3个手段并用治理残膜污染。并着重指出:发展残膜回收机械是治理残膜污染的有效方法,残膜的再生利用是保护环境、变废为宝、防治残膜污染的关键所在。     

残膜回收机械推广探讨

分析废旧残膜污染对新疆地区的危害现状，探讨残膜机械回收技术的主要内容、工艺流程及相关配套机具，根据新疆地区的生产实际，从农艺及回收机具2方面，提出理清残膜的合理有效方案，为缓解哈密地区的农膜污染提供有益借鉴。     

矩形渡槽静风荷载的CFD计算

应用计算流体动力学CFD计算技术，系统分析渡槽槽身的风压分布，提出矩形渡槽的静力风载阻力系数计算公式，与已有的风洞试验结果吻合良好，为渡槽结构抗风设计提供参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。