2种樱属植物对水湿胁迫生理响应研究

对2种樱属植物福建山樱花和樱桃幼苗进行人工模拟水湿胁迫,在不同处理时间取其根系和叶片测定相对电导率、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、超氧物歧化酶和丙二醛等生理指标。结果显示:樱桃在第6天即表现出萎蔫状态,而福建山樱花在第8天才出现萎蔫;从生理指标测定来看,2种植物根部各生理指标均低于叶片,其中福建山樱花可溶性蛋白降解速度比樱桃慢,而且超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和脯氨酸含量更高;从两者地上部与地下部生理指标变化的同步性来看,福建山樱花也优于樱桃。由此判断,福建山樱花抗水湿能力大于樱桃。     

福建山樱花观赏特征与开花生物学特性的初步研究

研究不同种源福建山樱花的叶、花、果实和种子等观赏特征和开花习性、开花过程、开花节律、开花顺序、开放时间、开花持续时间等开花生物学特性,并讨论温度对福建山樱花开花物候的影响。     

干旱胁迫对福建山樱花和日本樱花幼苗内源激素的影响

以1年生福建山樱花和日本樱花实生苗为试材,设置对照(CK)、轻度干旱胁迫(LS)、中度干旱胁迫(MS)、重度干旱胁迫(HS)4种处理,探究干旱胁迫对福建山樱花和日本樱花幼苗内源激素的影响。结果表明:2个树种在LS处理下,GA3(赤霉素)和IAA(生长素)的含量均高于对照,ABA(脱落酸)的含量和对照无显著差异。在MS和HS处理下,GA3和IAA含量呈现明显降低趋势,ABA、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA的含量呈现明显的增加趋势。随着干旱胁迫处理时间的延长,在LS处理下,GA3、IAA和ABA的含量无显著变化,而MS和HS处理中,GA3和IAA含量呈现出下降趋势,ABA含量、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA呈增加的趋势。随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,福建山樱花ABA、GA3、IAA、ABA/GA3和ABA/IAA的含量均要低于日本樱花,这表明日本樱花比福建山樱花可能存在着更强的通过调节自身的激素水平来应对外界干旱胁迫的能力,这可能正是日本樱花比福建山樱花更加抗旱的生理机制之一。     

甘蔗近缘野生种云滇95-20的染色体及核型分析

为了加强甘蔗及其近缘野生种细胞学研究,对国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的甘蔗近缘野生种云滇95-20的体细胞染色体进行计数和初步的核型分析,结果表明:该物种的染色体数目为2n=30。染色体较小,染色体长度分布在1.35～3.75μm,染色体长度比为2.78,核型公式为:2n=30=14m+16sm。染色体臂比介于1.36～2.26之间,平均臂比1.73,核型属2B类型。     

小麦-近缘物种染色体系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及白粉病抗性

为了挖掘小麦近缘物种的高分子量麦谷蛋白新亚基和抗白粉病基因新类型,以小麦品种中国春和Alcedo(来自德国)为对照,对133份小麦-近缘物种染色体系进行了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)分析和白粉病抗性调查。HMW-GS分析发现,25份材料与对照小麦的HMW-GS类型不同,其中,含外源染色体HMW-GS的有16份;亲本部分HMW-GS发生沉默的有2份;含外源染色体HMW-GS且亲本的部分HMW-GS发生沉默的有7份。在含外源HMW-GS的材料中,73.9%的HMW-GS来自于小麦近缘物种第1同源染色体,17.4%的HMW-GS来自第2、3和5同源染色体。白粉病抗性调查显示,尾状山羊草E#1、两芒山羊草2Mbi#1、沙融山羊草4Ssh#8、高大山羊草6Sl#3和簇毛麦5V#3S染色体上可能含有抗小麦白粉病新基因,值得进一步向小麦转育。本研究发现的新HMW-GS和潜在抗小麦白粉病新基因为利用这些资源进行小麦抗病育种与品质改良打下了坚实的基础。     

世界红茶发展史略初探

中国福建武夷山、天山是茶树物种起源"隔离分布"演化区域,武夷山市桐木关乃世界红茶的摇篮地。正山小种红茶被公认为红茶的鼻祖。武夷红茶,早于16～17世纪传播到西方。19世纪,中国武夷山市等地茶种和制茶工艺被英国人秘传到印度、斯里兰卡等国。福建红茶有正山小种和工夫红茶,后在印、斯等国又衍生有红碎茶,从此形成世界红茶三大品类。到21世纪初,中国茶种、种茶技术及制茶工艺已传到世界60余个国家和地区,至2015年全球茶叶出口总量196.2万吨,其中红茶出口量为153.4万吨,占出口总量的78.19%。世界茶叶消费以红茶为主。红茶成为世界第一大茶类。     

麦胚乳贮藏蛋白组分遗传研究进展

从本世纪５０年代至今,小麦及其近缘属物种的胚乳贮藏蛋白组分的遗传及生化研究已经取得长足的进步,并已被国外许多实验室用于小麦品质改良的实践,取得了一定的成绩。全面了解麦胚乳贮藏蛋白各组分的遗传及生化研究必然有助于小麦品种改良的研究。本文就麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的主要组成部分,即麦高分子量谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白、麦低分子量谷蛋白等。从小麦及其近缘属物中各组分亚基编码基因的染色体定位及多态性变化,各组分亚基编码基因     

玉米自交系间叶表蜡质成分的变异

本研究旨在确定玉米叶表的蜡质分析能否用作伴随隐性遗传性状(如雄性不育性)的标记。在作者先前的文献中,曾报道用叶龄和叶位分析的叶片蜡质色谱类型中均具有显著的变异性。本文报道叶表蜡质成分在5个自交系间的种内变异。有关植物叶表蜡质成分差异的研究,以前只局限于检验近缘物种间的差异,并看作对不同环境反应的结果。对一个物种内的差异研究     

黑龙江省巴彦县野生大豆资源状况与生态环境监测评估

黑龙江省巴彦县野生大豆保护点是农业部/联合国开发计划署/全球环境基金"作物野生近缘植物保护与可持续利用"项目在中国3个野生大豆保护示范点之一.目前,经CPS测量已确定了巴彦县野生大豆保护点的面积为29.9 hm~2,野生大豆分布面积为20.2 hm~2,确定了30个样方.经2008年对保护点资源状况和生态环境监测评估,初步明确了目标物种(野生大豆)的种群密度、目标物种丰富度、生长状况、类型以及保护点内和周边生态环境.     

闲话正山小种松烟香

去年参加了广东省评茶师福建考察团,参观考察了部分福建茶叶生产单位。在世界红茶发源地武夷山市星村镇桐木村其间,调研学习了正山小种红茶的传统加工工艺,了解了松烟香的由来。现在社会上很多朋友对正山小种红茶的松烟香不了解,也就是大家常说的烟熏味,现将情况介绍如下。正山小种红茶是世界红茶的始祖,正山小种红茶在16世纪末17世纪初出现。成书于明朝中期（约16世纪）的《多能鄙事》曾提及＂红茶＂这一名称,是现存最早的记录。正山小种红茶是17世纪英国皇家用茶,曾风靡欧洲上流社会,盛     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。