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1.
The pharmacokinetic behavior of cefepime was studied in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves after single intravenous administration
(10 mg/kg). The fever was induced with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/kg, IV). The drug concentration in plasma was detected by microbiological assay method using E. coli (MTCC 739) test organism. Pharmacokinetic analysis of disposition data indicated that intravenous administration data were
best described by 2 compartment open model. At 1 min the concentration of cefepime in healthy and febrile animals were 55.3 ± 0.54 μg/ml
and 50.0 ± 0.48 μg/ml, respectively and drug was detected up to 12 h. The elimination half-life of cefepime was increased
from 1.26 ± 0.01 h in healthy animals to 1.62 ± 0.09 h in febrile animals. Drug distribution was altered by fever as febrile
animals showed volume of distribution (0.27 ± 0.02 L/kg) higher than normal animal (0.19 ± 0.01 L/kg). Total body clearances
in healthy and febrile animals were 104.4 ± 2.70 and 114.2 ± 1.20 ml/kg/h, respectively. To maintain minimum therapeutic concentration
of 1 μg/ml, a satisfactory dosage regimen of cefepime in healthy and febrile cross-bred calves would be 15.5 mg/kg and 8.2 mg/kg
body weight, respectively, to be repeated at 8 h intervals. The T>MIC values (8 h) of cefepime suggested that this agent is
clinically effective in the treatment of various infections. 相似文献
2.
In order to understand the changes in copper and selenium status in camel dam and calf around the calving period, blood samples
were collected in 26 she-camel before delivery and after as well as their calves after birth. The mean values for the mother
and their newborn were respectively 70.3 ± 19.8 and 58.6 ± 13.9 μg/100 ml for copper, 5.3 ± 3.7 and 4.6 ± 1.7 μg/100 ml for
selenium. No change was observed for copper, but selenium increased after parturition in 81% of the case. The selenium status
of camel calf was correlated with those of its mother, but not the copper. As the whole the correlation between selenium and
copper was significantly positive. The selenium status was improved in camel receiving diet enriched with barley. The maternal
transfer to milk has to be investigated. 相似文献
3.
Ravinder Sappal Rakesh Kumar Chaudhary Harpal Singh Sandhu Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):659-667
Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following
intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations
in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin
were rapid, as indicated by values (mean ±SD) of distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.16 ± 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t1/2β = 4.24 ± 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 ± 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution
of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 ± 0.28 μg/mlxh and MRT was 8.64 ± 0.61 h.
Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations
ranging from 0.0125 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision
of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote
resistance. 相似文献
4.
G. Ajitkumar T. Sreekumaran R. Praseeda K. A. Mercy K. N. Aravinda Ghosh 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):65-69
Forty bitches in anoestrus for more than six months from the last heat, with a serum progesterone level less than 1 ng/ml
were subjected to oestrus induction trials using anti-prolactin drugs and levothyroxine, once daily orally for 20 consecutive
days. The mean serum progesterone level among them was found to be 0.57 ± 0.03 ng/ml. Out of 10 animals treated in each group,
five (50%) in Group I (bromocriptine @ 50 μg/kg body weight), nine (90%) in Group II (cabergoline @ 5 μg/kg body weight),
eight (80%) in Group III (thyroxine @10 μg/kg body weight) and seven (70%) in Group IV (thyroxine @ 5 μg/kg body weight) responded
by evincing proestrual bleeding. The mean (±SEM) time taken from initiation of treatment to onset of proestrual bleeding in
Groups I, II, III and IV was 28 ± 3.39, 13.44 ± 3.12 (P < 0.05), 24.50 ± 3.18 and 33 ± 2.21 days respectively. The mean (±SEM)
duration of proestrus and oestrus in the treatment groups was 9.80 ± 0.86, 10.11 ± 0.68, 11.25 ± 0.88 and 10.71 ± 0.68 days
and 7.60 ± 0.24, 8 ± 0.29, 8.5 ± 0.63 and 7.85 ± 0.46 days respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of
animals responding to oestrus induction in the treatment groups was 80%, 78%, 63% and 57%, respectively. The mean (±SEM) gestation
length calculated from the last breeding date and litter size in the treatment groups varied from 60.50 ± 1.55 to 64.00 ± 0.82 days
and 5.14 ± 0.34 to 6.40 ± 0.40 respectively. 相似文献
5.
A. Mori T. Sako P. Lee Y. Nishimaki H. Fukuta H. Mizutani T. Honjo T. Arai 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):669-680
Dietary therapy is an important treatment component for diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, the impact of three different
commercially available diet regiments (1 general use and 2 aimed for treating obesity and DM) on short-term post-prandial
serum glucose and insulin concentrations of five healthy cats to better understand what impact each of these diets may have
for diabetic cats. The diet regiments used in this study were as follows: C/D dry (General Use- Low protein, High fat, High
carbohydrate, and Low fiber), M/D dry (DM- High protein, High fat, Low carbohydrate, and High Fiber), and W/D dry (DM- Low
Protein, Low Fat, High Carbohydrate, and High Fiber). No significant difference in post-prandial serum glucose levels were
observed with the C/D (84.6 ± 1.5 mg/dl) and W/D (83.8 ± 1.4 mg/dl) dry diets when compared to pre-prandial fasting levels
(83.9 ± 1.4 mg/dl). However, a significant reduction was observed with the M/D diet (78.9 ± 0.8 mg/dl) which had 50-60% less
carbohydrates than either C/D or W/D diet. Unlike what was observed with post-prandial glucose levels, an interesting pattern
emerged with post-prandial insulin levels, which were increasing with W/D, C/D, and M/D diets in that order (1.1 ± 0.2, 1.7 ± 0.2,
and 2.3 ± 0.2 ng/ml respectively). Most surprising, though, was the fact that the W/D diet did not seem to stimulate insulin
secretion as compared to pre-prandial levels (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml) in healthy cats. Interestingly, the W/D diet had high levels
of carbohydrate and low levels of protein. Coincidentally, the only diet (M/D) which had a significant reduction in post-prandial
glucose also showed the highest increase in post-prandial insulin in healthy cats. Therefore, dietary amounts of carbohydrate,
fat, protein and fiber can all have an individual impact on post-prandial glycemia and subsequent insulin requirement levels.
Just as concepts regarding dietary management of people with DM are evolving, investigators are reassessing what constitutes
the ideal diet for the diabetic feline. As such, having a better understanding for each dietary component, may lead us to
better understand how we can synergize certain dietary components to aid in DM management. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this study was to measure the dynamics of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentration in dogs with various
tumors, and to investigate the localization of AGP in some tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Sera were obtained
from 171 dogs bearing tumors of various types. Serum AGP concentration was measured by single radial immunodiffusion. Tumors
occurring in the liver and spleen were also investigated immunohistochemically using anti-canine AGP antibody. Mean serum
AGP levels were 749 ± 602 mg/L in dogs with carcinoma (n = 39), 1,014 ± 971 mg/L with sarcoma (n = 18), and 887 ± 935 mg/L with round cell tumors (n = 46), all significantly higher than serum AGP level in healthy dogs (n = 137, 364 ± 106 mg/L). Mean serum AGP levels were significantly higher than in healthy dogs in complex mammary gland carcinoma
(n = 5, 876 ± 721 mg/L), malignant melanoma (n = 7, 1,010 ± 821 mg/L), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 5, 936 ± 741 mg/L) among carcinomas, hemangiosarcoma (n = 5, 1,740 ± 1,323 mg/L) among sarcomas, and lymphoma (n = 19, 1,072 ± 965 mg/L) and histiocytic tumor (n = 6, 1,800 ± 1,387 mg/L) among round cell tumors. In an immunohistochemical investigation of AGP localization, both weak
and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody were seen in hepatic tissue in dogs with primary non-tumorous lesions originating
in the spleen (hematoma) and elevated serum AGP, but all tumor tissue in the spleen was negative. Among dogs with primary
tumor lesions of the spleen (hemangiosarcoma) and elevated serum AGP levels, both weak, moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP
antibody were seen in hepatic tissue, while strong positive staining was apparent in all tumorous tissue from the spleen.
In primary tumor lesions in the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), both moderate and strong staining for anti-AGP antibody
were seen in normal hepatic tissue, and both weak, moderate and strong staining were seen in tumor tissues of the liver. AGP
levels thus appear to be elevated in dogs with carcinomas, sarcomas, and round cell tumors. With some of these malignant tumors,
localization of AGP in tumor tissue was seen. 相似文献
7.
Fiaz M Abdullah M Nasir M Javed K Babar ME Pasha TN Jabbar MA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):975-981
The aim of the study was to determine optimum dietary energy level during the last trimester of pregnancy for Sahiwal heifers
in subtropical Pakistan. Sixteen Sahiwal heifers, 5–6 months pregnant, were assigned to four dietary treatments with four
heifers on each treatment. Isonitrogenous (CP = 14.1%) diets having varying energy, namely, ME 88%, ME 100% (Control), ME
112% and ME 124% of NRC recommended level for pregnant heifers, were fed until calving. All were fed a similar diet after
calving. Precalving weight gain was highest (P < 0.05) in heifers fed ME 112 and 124% (486 ± 13 and 497 ± 5 g/day, respectively) followed by ME 100% (444 ± 7 g/day), and
the lowest weight gain was recorded for ME 88% (397 ± 8 g/day). A similar trend was observed for feed efficiency. Body condition
score at calving in groups ME 124% and ME 112% was higher than ME 88% and ME 100%. Nutrient digestibility, birth weight of
calves and milk composition except fat content were not influenced by energy levels. The highest daily milk yield was observed
in heifers fed ME 100% followed by ME 112, 124, and 88%. We conclude that the NRC recommendation is applicable to the subtropical
region. 相似文献
8.
Effects of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on blood lipid peroxidation and cortisol concentration in dairy cows undergoing omentopexy 下载免费PDF全文
Twenty dairy cows with left abomasal displacement were used to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium treatment on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and blood cortisol in dairy cows stressed by omentopexy. The cows were randomly divided into two groups. Ten hours before surgery 6 g of DL‐α‐tocopheryl acetate (6 mg/kg) and 67 mg of natrium selenite (0.1 mg/kg) in volume of 40 ml (Vitaselen®) were administered subcutaneously to 10 cows; the control animals (n = 10) received an equivalent volume of injectable water (40 ml). The injection of vitamin E and selenium produced a rapid rise (p < .05) in blood α‐tocopherol and selenium concentrations. The serum vitamin E increased several times 10 hr after vitamin E and Se injection and raised continuously to the highest average concentration 21.6 mg/L at hr 24 after the surgery. The highest selenium concentration was seen 10 hr after selenium administration with holding the increased concentrations in comparison with initial ones during the whole study. Two‐way ANOVA did not show significant treatment effect on plasma concentrations TBARS in the study. The plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances reached the maximum value of 0.18 μmol/L in the control group 5 hr after the surgery. Twenty‐four hours after the surgery, the TBARS values returned to the initial ones. Serum cortisol increased in both groups after surgery. The highest cortisol concentrations were reached at 1 hr after surgery in the experimental and control group (56.7 ± 28.8 and 65.3 ± 26.1 μg/L respectively). A return to the levels similar to the initial ones was recognized 24 hr after the surgery. The ANOVA revealed a significant effect of vitamin E and selenium injection on plasma cortisol (p < .05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that abdominal surgery resulted in typical stress changes with no significant effects of a single vitamin E/Se injection on blood lipid peroxidation. In addition, a weaker cortisol response to the abdominal surgery was recognized in animals treated with vitamin E and selenium. 相似文献
9.
The present investigation was carried out to assess the erythrocytic oxidative stress indices such as lipid peroxides level
and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and some hematological parameters after treatment
of subclinically ketotic lactating cows with antioxidants, vitamin E and selenium, incorporated in conventional treatment
regimen. The study was carried out using lactating cows reared in small dairy herds in and around Bhubaneswar. Out of 250
urine samples examined, 42 cows were diagnosed positive for subclinical ketosis with an overall incidence of 16.8%. Blood
samples were collected on day 0 (before treatment) and treatment was initiated on day 1 and the second sampling was carried
out on day 7. The hematological parameters improved significantly following treatment as compared to pre-treatment level (day
0). A significant (P < 0.05) improvement was observed on day 7 with respect to hemoglobin level (8.66 ± 0.23 vs. 9.12 ± 0.14 gm/dl)
and packed cell volume (29.7 ± 0.56 vs. 31.1 ± 0.50%) in the group given routine treatment along with antioxidants. The comparison
of mean lipid peroxides level before (day 0) and after treatment (day 7) revealed a significant difference in group I (routine
treatment, P < 0.05) and group II (routine treatment plus antioxidants, P < 0.01). The maximum reduction in SOD activity was
recorded in group II animals after treatment with conventional regimes along with supplemented antioxidants (1.29 ± 0.08 against
1.89 ± 0.15 units/ mg of Hb, P < 0.01). The mean value of SOD activity recorded in group III animals kept as non-treated positive
control (PC) on day 7 (2.59 ± 0.14 units/mg of Hb) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the mean level recorded on day
0 (1.91 ± 0.31 units/mg of Hb). An almost similar trend was observed in erythrocytic catalase activity where there was a significant
(P < 0.05) reduction in catalase activity in the group II (RT+A) but there was no significant increase in catalase activity
in non-treated positive control (PC) animals. 相似文献
10.
To estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in horses, an optimum dose of the nonionic contrast medium iodixanol as a
tracer was assessed with blood-sample times. Iodixanol was administered intravenously at 10–40 mg I/kg to geldings and mares,
and blood was collected 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min later. Serum iodixanol concentration was determined by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), and serum urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine concentrations were also measured. The combination
of 20 mg I/kg iodixanol and sampling times of 60, 90, and 120 min after injection was considered to be appropriate for practical
use. In clinically healthy horses, the reference values were determined to be 1.90 ± 0.03 ml/min/kg (150.8 ± 2.94 ml/min/m2), consistent with historical data using different tracers. The result suggests that serum clearance of iodixanol is a ready-to-use
tool for a screening of alterations in the equine GFR, although it is necessary to perform a more longitudinal study using
horses with a variety of renal functions. 相似文献
11.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the curative and antioxidative efficacy of ivermectin and ivermectin
+ vitamin E-selenium, and the influence of these agents on oxidative stress parameters in canines infested by Sarcoptes scabiei. Twenty two sarcoptic mites infested dogs and nine healthy dogs of 6 months to 2 years of age were divided into three groups.
Group I comprised of healthy dogs (n = 9) whereas animals in group II (n = 11) and III (n = 11) were positive for scabies. Group II animals were treated with only 1% ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg SC whereas group III were
additionally treated with Vitamin E and selenium (tocopherol 50 mg + Se 1.5 mg/ml) @0.5 ml/20 kg IM at weekly intervals for
three times. Blood samples were collected on day 0 and 28 post therapy. The values for hemato-biochemical parameters and activities
of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) whereas level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in all the infested dogs in comparison to the healthy
dogs on day 0 which approached normalcy by day 28 post therapy. The dogs of group III showed better clinical recovery in comparison
to group II at the end of therapy. Thus, administration of vitamin E and selenium in addition to standard therapy can alleviate
these alterations hastening the clinical recovery of diseased dogs and can be recommended as an adjunct therapy with miticides
for canine sarcoptic mange. 相似文献
12.
Phiri IK Phiri AM Ziela M Chota A Masuku M Monrad J 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(4):309-315
Examination of helminths from gastrointestinal tracts of 125 free-range chickens in Zambia revealed a 95.2% prevalence rate.
The species and their prevalences were: Allodapa suctoria (85.6%), Tetrameres americana (80.8%), Ascaridia galli (28.8%), Gonglonema ingluvicola (50.4%), Raillietina spp. (81.6%) and Heterakis gallinarum (32.8%). No trematodes or Syngamus trachea were found. Mixed infections accounted for 88.2% as compared to 7.2% of single infections. Effects of helminthoses on weight
gain were investigated in 100 growing chickens randomly assigned to treatment (levamisole) and untreated control groups. There
was a significant mean (±SEM) weight gain (grams) of 812.8 ± 51.4 in the treatment group and 623 ± 57.4 in the control group
(p < 0.01). The mean (±SEM) worm burdens from the control group and the treatment group were 96.3 ± 5.61 and 22.05 ± 2.61, respectively.
These results confirm the higher risk of helminth infections in free-range systems and may explain the deleterious effects
in chickens. 相似文献
13.
Relationship of age to body weight,scrotal circumference,testicular ultrasonograms,and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ahmad Ejaz Ahmad Nasim Naseer Zahid Aleem Muhammad Khan Muhammad Sarwar Ashiq Muhammad Younis Muhammad 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):159-164
The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of age to body weight (BW), scrotal circumference (SC),
number of pixels of testicular ultrasonograms (NP), and semen quality in Sahiwal bulls. The study was based on 128 Sahiwal
bulls of different age groups (from 0 to >100 months of age). Bulls were evaluated for SC, BW, and NP. Semen was evaluated
once a week for five consecutive weeks from regularly collected donor bulls (n = 86) ranging in age from 25–30 to >100 months. Ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology,
percent live sperms, sperm plasma membrane integrity, and normal acrosome were compared among different age groups. Mean SC
and BW increased (P < 0.05) in a curvilinear manner from birth to >100 months of age. Mean NP of testicular ultrasonograms increased (P < 0.05) from 0 to 24 months and then plateaued until >100 months of age. Body weight, SC, and NP were positively correlated
with age from birth until >100 months (r = 0.91, 0.87, and 0.40, respectively). Ejaculate volume (5.7 ± 0.2 vs. 4.6 ± 0.09 ml) and sperm concentration (1,281.6 ± 17.7
vs. 1,115.8 ± 55.9 × 106/ml) increased (P < 0.05) in mature bulls compared to younger ones. However, motility (68.6 ± 0.3%), plasma membrane integrity (50.8 ± 1.0%),
and normal acrosome (74.8 ± 0.5%) remained insignificant due to age. In six of eight age groups studied, morphological abnormalities
were well within the range (18.1 ± 0.3%). In conclusion, the BW, SC, and NP of testicular ultrasonograms, ejaculate volume,
and concentration increased with age. Moreover, semen quality is fairly independent of age except volume and concentration
in Sahiwal bulls. 相似文献
14.
Three sweet potato varieties (TIS-87/0087; TIS-8164; TIS-2532.OP.1.13) and Green panic (Panicum maximum) were evaluated for forage quality in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 12 sole-fed lactating White Fulani cows
for 21 days, and 12 growing White Fulani and White Fulani x Brown Swiss calves for 77 days. Dry matter intake of cows ranged
(p < 0.05) between 131 g/Wkg
0.734 in TIS-87/0087 and 152 g/Wkg
0.734 in TIS-8164. Daily milk yields increased (p < 0.05) in TIS-87/0087 (2%) and TIS-8164 (5%), but decreased in TIS-2532.OP.1.13 (5%) and Green panic (19%). Mean (±SEM)
milk total solids (13.16 ± 0.05 g/100 g), ash (0.78 ± 0.01 g/100 g), protein (3.79 ± 0.07 g/100 g), fat (3.98 ± 0.06 g/100 g),
and lactose (4.62 ± 0.14 g/100 g) were significantly different (p < 0.05) among treatments. The White Fulani x Brown Swiss calves recorded about 10, 25 and 29% higher birthweight, milk intake
and bodyweight gains respectively, but about 3% lower dry matter intake than the purebred White Fulani calves. The rumen degradation
rates were similar (p > 0.05), while the rest rumen dry matter degradation characteristics were lowest (p < 0.05) for Green panic. Sweet potato forage could be used as sole feed or supplement for dry-season Green panic. 相似文献
15.
Shahzad MA Tauqir NA Ahmad F Nisa MU Sarwar M Tipu MA Tipu MA 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):685-694
The study investigated the performance response of different dietary protein and energy levels of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves. Sixty buffalo calves of 12–15 months of age and similar body weight (140 ± 14 kg) were divided in to 12 groups,
five animals in each group, according to 4 × 3 factorial arrangements. Twelve rations were formulated containing four levels
of crude protein (CP; 10.5%, 12.20%, 13.80%, and 15.55%) each with three levels (1.72, 2.11, and 2.5 Mcal/Kg) of metabolizable
energy (ME). Experiment lasted for 100 days; first 10 days were given for dietary adaptation. Daily feed consumption in calves
fed all experimental diets were statistically significant (p < 0.05) across all treatments. Higher feed intake was observed in buffalo calves fed diets containing 12.20% and 13.85% CP
with 2.11 Mcal/kg ME. Results of dry matter (DM) digestion were significantly different (p < 0.05) across all treatments. There was a quadratic (p < 0.05) response of DM digestibility for levels of dietary protein while, curvilinear (p < 0.05) trend with respect to dietary energy levels. Daily weight gain of buffalo calves did not show any treatment effect.
The outcome of the present study indicate that 12–15-month-old buffalo calves perform adequately well when fed on diets containing
12.2% CP and 2.10 ME Mcal/Kg. 相似文献
16.
Erdogan HM Karapehlivan M Citil M Atakisi O Uzlu E Unver A 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(4):333-339
This study was designed to disclose some indicators of oxidative stress and inflammation in natural cases of bovine leptospirosis.
For this purpose, 12 bulls exhibiting clinical signs of leptospirosis and 10 healthy bulls were used. Animals were subjected
to thorough clinical examination and the clinical signs were recorded. All animals were blood sampled in order to determine
serum total sialic acid (TSA), lipid bound sialic acid (LBSA), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide
(NO), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), albumin and glucose. Urine samples were collected from each animal and examined
under dark-field microscope to observe spirochetes. Diseased animals exhibited clinical signs suggesting leptospirosis and
the diagnosis was supported by positive dark-field microscope examination. Mean TSA (mmol/L), LBSA (mmol/L), TP (g/dl), albumin
(g/dl), glucose (mg/dl), MDA (μmol/L), GSH (mg/dl), NO (nmol/ml), and UA (mg/L) levels were 1.63 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.10, 7.18 ± 0.24,
3.23 ± 0.5, 64.96 ± 1.88, 5.71 ± 0.11, 78.68 ± 0.72, 7.94 ± 0.34, and 8.75 ± 0.41 in healthy bulls, and 2.50 ± 0.05, 0.70 ± 0.2,
9.27 ± 0.17, 2.55 ± 0.62, 107.93 ± 2.52, 8.82 ± 0.14, 47.85 ± 1.85, 14.57 ± 0.63 and 15.85 ± 0.80 in leptospirosis cases,
respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Increased TSA, LBSA, MDA,
NO, UA, TP, glucose and decreased GSH and albumin concentrations were suggestive of inflammation and oxidative stress in diseased
bulls. The results obtained may suggest that oxidative damage along with other mechanisms might have taken part in the pathogenesis
of bovine leptospirosis and further detailed studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the disease. 相似文献
17.
Milk production and calf rearing practices in the smallholder areas in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
M. Mapekula M Chimonyo C. Mapiye K. Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1475-1485
Farmer perceptions on milk production and calf rearing practices on communal rangelands in the smallholder areas of the Eastern
Cape Province, South Africa were evaluated on a total of 218 cattle farmers using structured questionnaires, semi-structured
interviews with key informants and personal observations. Nearly 70% of the households in the small-scale areas milked twice
a day compared to 60% in the communal areas. About 62% of the interviewees weaned calves between 6 and 12 months of age. Milk
yield/cow/day (7.5 ± 0.5 litres), fresh milk consumption/household/day (3.2 ± 0.5 litres) and sales/household/day (3.1 ± 1.1 litres)
were highest in the sour-veld, small-scale farms (P < 0.05). Sour milk consumption/household/day (2.6 ± 0.2 litres) and sales/household/day
(0.8 ± 0.2 litres) were significantly high in communal farms with a sour-veld. It was concluded that, calf rearing practices
were poor and milk yield, consumption and sales were generally low and varied with production system and rangeland type. Further
research is required to improve calf management practices, cow nutrition, milk yield and quality and how milk production can
be used as a toll for rural development in the smallholder areas of South Africa. 相似文献
18.
Three hundreds, 21 d-old slow-growing chicks were randomly divided among 5 treatments, of 5 replicates each. Each replicate
contained 12 unsexed chicks housed in (1 × 1) a floor pen. A group was kept under thermoneutral condition at 28 ± 4°C and
RH was 55 ± 3% during 21–84 d of age (positive control) and fed corn-soybean meal diet. The other four groups were kept for
three successive days per week under heat stress (HS) at 38 ± 1.4°C and 49 ± 2% RH from 12.00 to 16.00 pm. Chicks in HS treatments
were fed corn-soybean meal diet without (negative control) or with 250 mg AA/kg diet and Bet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg diet. HS decreased
productive performance, increased (P < 0.05) meat dry matter, plasma triglyceride and serum calcium whereas decreased (P > 0.05) plasma glucose, serum total protein and water holding capacity (WHC) of meat. AA and 1 g of Bet/kg diet was equally
potent for partial relief (P < 0.05) of the negative effect of HS on growth, increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, protein digestibility (P < 0.05), dressing out percentage, liver and giblets, whilst improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also, a complete recovery from the negative effect (P < 0.05) of HS shown on plasma glucose and partial recovery (P < 0.05) observed in total protein, triglyceride, blood pH, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), rectal temperature
(RT) and respiration rate (RR) and improved humoral immune competence to sheep red blood cell (SBRCs) test. 相似文献
19.
《The Professional Animal Scientist》2000,16(2):111-120
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of pre-weaning vitamin E, Se, and Cu supplementation on performance and immune response in stressed calves. In Exp. 1, 71 Hereford x Angus calves were individually creep fed: 1) control supplement (CON), 2) control plus 500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (E), 3) control plus 10 mg Cu/kg DM (CU), or 4) a combination of E and CU treatments (ECU). In Exp. 2, 80 Hereford (Angus calves were individually creep fed: 1) control supplement (CON), 2) control plus 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (SE), 3) control plus 500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (LOWE), 4) control plus 1000 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (MEDE), or 5) control plus 1500 IU vitamin E + 0.3 mg Se/kg DM (HIE). Treatments continued for 49 (Exp. 1) or 53 d (Exp. 2) prior to weaning. At weaning all calves were transported to feedlot facilities. In Exp. 1, vitamin E tended (P<0.09) to improve post-weaning ADG and reduce (P<0.06) plasma haptoglobin (Hp), but had no effect on plasma α-tocopherol. Dietary Cu tended to increase (P<0.01) liver Cu stores, and antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) were greater (P<0.04) at weaning in CU and E calves. In Exp. 2, vitamin E tended to increase serum α-tocopherol (P<0.06) and cortisol (P<0.08). Vitamin E and Se supplementation may improve post-weaning performance and decrease plasma Hp concentrations in stressed calves. 相似文献
20.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of shield and sword comb orientation hive types on wintering ability,
survival rates (in winter) and population growth of honeybee colonies (A. mellifera anatoliaca) in spring season. In ancient Anatolia beekeeping; honeybee colonies were identified sword and shield (the colonies which
build up the combs vertical and horizontal according to positions of the hive entrance) before the uses of top-opened hive
with movable frames. Total twenty honeybee colonies, which have similar condition according to queen age, genotype, number
of frames covered with adult worker bees, brood areas and food stocks, were used in this study. Average wintering ability
of colonies in the shield and sword groups were found to be 98.57% and 69.76%; average survival rates were found to be 100%
and 100% in shield and sword group colonies respectively. The average number of frames covered with adult worker bees at mid
June in shield and sword group colonies were found to be 15.6 ± 1.58, 12.00 ± 1.25 number/colony and the average brood areas
were found as 7863.5 ± 402.9, 5997.0 ± 373.3 cm2/colony respectively. Differences between the group means on wintering ability, sealed brood areas and colony strength were
found significant (P < 0.01), but differences on survival rates were not found significant (P > 0.05). The colonies living
in shield (horizontal) hives have showed better wintering ability and more colony population than colonies living in sword
(vertical) hives. 相似文献