农机成人教育学校办学的探讨

作者根据多年从事农机培训工作的经验和现阶段农村经济发展的特点及广大农民对学习科学技术的要求，指出了农机成人教育学校的教学手段，教学方法及教学管理等。     

市(地)级农机校办学途径的探讨

农村经济体制改革的深入和农业机械化事业的发展,给农机培训工作提出了新的要求任务,农机培训工作需要在不断改革中进入新的发展阶段.面对新的形式如何深化改革、步出低谷,怎样适应农机发展的需要,为农机事业培养优秀人才,已成为市(地)级(以下简称市级)农机校急待解决的问题.     

创新农机培训模式 助力现代化农业发展

"十三五"时期,党和政府全面深化农村改革,加大强农惠农富农力度,增强创新动力、厚植发展优势,着力推进农业现代化发展。做强现代化农业,离不开农业机械化,农机培训是加快农业机械化发展的助推器。介绍了我国农机培训工作的现状及存在问题,提出了要在优化农业结构,转变农业发展方式,建设新农村的新形势下,充分认识农机培训工作的紧迫性及必要性,论述了创新农机培训的对策。     

农机培训工作质量提升与先进方法探索

农机培训工作能够有效的规范农机的使用并减少农机故障的产生,是农业生产顺利进行的有力保证,通过对现阶段农机培训工作的总结,思考如何提升工作质量,探索更为先进的教学方式,对农机培训工作的健康发展有很大好处。     

关于县级农机校的培训现状与发展的探讨

县级农机校是从二十世纪五十年代末组建发展起来的农机技术培训机构,是培养农机驾驶操作、使用维修、农机管理及销售人员的基地,是传播新农机具、实用新技术的摇篮.随着农村经济的发展和农村改革的深化,农机校的培训工作也取得了长足的发展.     

如何做好新时期农机培训工作

在新的历史发展阶段,现代农业取得了新的发展,相应的农机培训工作具有新的要求。近些年来,我国农业机械化程度提高,相应的农机培训工作取得了新的发展,具有一定的效果。从现阶段来看,农机培训工作存在的问题较多,因此必须制定措施解决好新时期的农机培训问题。通过分析新时期农机培训存在的问题,有针对性的提出了措施,为相关农业人员提供参考和借鉴。     

技术推广 培训先行

中央1号文件要求围绕农民增收工作“加强对农村劳动力的职业技能培训”。国家《农业机械化促进法》提出“各级政府、农机部门应为农民无偿提供公益性农机技术培训服务”。根据当前农机化发展的整体趋势及农机技术推广工作的现状，农机培训工作的重中之重是围绕三农搞好技术培训服务，各农机重点工程项目更是需要加大培训力度，这是具有较广泛农民培训对象的领域，也是我们开展农机技术推广培训工作的主体领域。     

农机推广培训工作开展策略

现阶段,有效的开展农机推广培训工作有利于提高农机使用效率,能够为农业发展提供有效保证,因此,从多方面总结了农机推广培训工作开展措施,旨在为农业经济发展提供有效助力。     

农机技术培训工作的有效实施及对农机推广的积极作用

在现阶段的农业机械化生产过程中,农机推广工作有效保障了农机应用的合理性,农机培训作为农机推广工作实施的有效手段,能有效提高我国农业机械应用的实际效果。针对现阶段农机培训工作开展的实际情况,分析了其中的制约因素和不足之处,并总结了农机培训工作实施的有效途径,强调了其对农机推广工作开展的积极作用。     

宁波市农机化技术推广成效及其提高对策

农机推广工作是根据农业生产需要,通过试验、示范、宣传、培训指导和咨询服务等措施,将农机化科技成果应用于农业生产的一项公益性事业,对普及应用农机化新技术新机具、发展现代农业、促进农业增效农民增收,以及建设社会主义新农村等具有重要作用。然而,随着基层农技推广体系改革的进行,农机推广工作也暴露出一些不适应现阶段农业机械化发展的新问题。鉴于此,本文在概述和分析宁波市农机推广工作成效和存在问题的基础上,结合宁波市农业发展和产业结构调整对农机技术装备的需求,提出今后开展农机推广的工作思路和应采取的对策,以     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.