国外切花芍药新优品种介绍

正随着国际交流不断深入,芍药作为切花在我国也开始流行,并在近两年迅速崛起。因我国芍药育种长期以来并未关注切花用途,因此适合做切花的芍药品种非常有限。伴随芍药切花市场的快速发展,大量国外芍药品种开始涌入中国市场,通过多年引种观察,笔者对国外芍药进行了梳理,筛选了部分适合作为切花种植的芍药品种,并结合     

羧甲基壳聚糖和纳米银对芍药切花观赏品质及生理特性的影响

以芍药切花为试材,以蒸馏水为对照(CK1),3％蔗糖+200 mg/L柠檬酸+25 mg/L水杨酸为基本瓶插液(CK2),探索在基本瓶插液中添加200 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)和20 mg/L纳米银(NS)对芍药切花瓶插品质及采后生理的影响.结果表明:两种药剂均可改善切花水分平衡状态,提升观赏品质.与对照(CK1)相比,CMCS和NS处理芍药切花最大花径分别增加2.17 cm、3.19 cm,瓶插寿命分别延长3.01 d、4.26 d,最佳观赏期分别延长1.87 d、2.75 d.两种杀菌剂对芍药切花生理特性的调控作用相似,均提高了芍药切花花瓣的可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性,降低了相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)及游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量,其中20 mg/L NS处理的保鲜效果最好.     

硝酸钾和硝酸钙对芍药切花水分代谢的影响

该文拟研究不同浓度的硝酸钾和硝酸钙对芍药切花瓶插过程中水分代谢和膜透性的影响,旨在为芍药切花的保鲜技术开发提供理论依据和技术支持。以切花芍药‘春晓’（Paeonia lactiflora‘Chunxiao’）和‘雪山紫玉’（Paeonia lactiflora ‘XueshanZiyu’）为试验材料,采用室内瓶插的方法,在基本瓶插液（2%蔗糖（S）＋200mg/L柠檬酸（CA）＋200mg/L8-羟基喹琳（8-HQ））中分别添加不同的硝酸钾和硝酸钙,通过对水分平衡值和膜透性的测定,研究其对芍药切花瓶插寿命的影响。硝酸钾和硝酸钙两种物质均提高了芍药切花的吸水能力,缓解了膜透性的变化程度。‘雪山紫玉’以150mg/LKNO3处理效果最好;‘春晓’以200mg/LCa（NO3）2处理效果最好。     

洛阳切花芍药上市 疫情影响出口大幅减少

正本刊讯笔者从洛阳市牡丹协会了解到,洛阳种植的切花芍药目前已采切上市。预计今年将有300万支切花芍药销往全国各地。神州牡丹园艺有限公司是洛阳市牡丹、芍药切花种植规模较大的企业之一,在洛阳南部伏牛深山区的栾川县的1300亩牡丹、芍药鲜切花基地,种植了‘莎拉’‘杨妃出浴’‘东京女郎’‘红富士’‘雪原红星’‘高秆红’等品种,今年预计切花芍药产量将达到     

20个芍药切花品种遗传多样性的AFLP分析

为了探索不同芍药切花品种之间的亲缘关系特征,利用荧光标记AFLP分子标记技术,采用9 对PstI /MseI 引物组合对20 个芍药切花品种进行了DNA遗传多样性分析。结果表明：9 对引物均显示多态性,共产生谱带733 条,其中多态性条带699 条,多态性位点平均为95.36%,Nei 基因多样性指数为1.4163~1.5552,平均1.4740;Shannon 信息指数为0.4197~0.4929,平均0.4490。经UPGMA聚类分析后,20 份芍药品种的Dice 相似系数0.458~0.741,在相似系数0.52 处,可将供试的20 个切花芍药品种分为5类。研究认为,药芍品种间的遗传差异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性,为芍药品种分类及亲缘关系分析提供参考依据。     

山东菏泽芍药行情看好

<正>本刊讯"今年芍药行情真好,比去年同期平均上涨了20%左右。近期芍药不仅价格上涨,而且走量极大。"山东菏泽市牡丹区牡丹办事处苗木经纪人李胜说。菏泽芍药分为切花芍药、地栽观赏芍药两大类。作为新兴的切花品种,芍药由于花朵大,花色艳而备受消费者青睐,切花生产也受到业内的广泛关注。从当前的销售情况来看,     

芍药鲜切花技术初探

芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)花型丰富,花色艳丽,是具有广阔发展前景的高档切花,我们多年从事芍药鲜切花的综合技术研究、生产开发及市场营销,初步摸索出一整套有关切花品种选择、生产规划、田间管理、采切、贮藏与运输等方面的技术。     

芍药花期控制技术

芍药（Paeonia lactiflora）是芍药科芍药属的宿根草本植物，中国的传统名花，与牡丹同属、齐名，称为姊妹花。其栽培历史比牡丹还早，距今已有4000年的观赏栽培历史。如今，芍药已广泛应用于花坛、花带、花境、盆栽、切花及药用栽培等。随着芍药应用范围的扩大，特别是芍药盆花和切花应用的普及，芍药反季节开花技术也已成为芍药商品化、规模化、产业化的制约因素。     

摩洛哥占领国际芍药切花市场

<正>荷兰花卉出口公司德捷斯特公司与总部位于纽约的花卉批发商双木芍药公司联手将摩洛哥生产的芍药切花推向了国际市场。摩洛哥是芍药的原产地之一,芍药资源丰富。而位于摩洛哥境内的阿特拉斯山脉正是最适合芍药种植的地区之一。正是看准了在阿特拉斯山脉生产芍药切花所带来的巨大商机,在德捷斯特公司(De JetSet BV)的德瑞思·爱     

新型低氧储物箱有效延长切花保鲜期

正切花芍药可保存10～12周,可提高产品销售的灵活性法国简尼MT公司(Janny MT Company)的创新性产品—低氧储物箱,不仅能帮助花卉种植者延长切花花期,还能帮助他们更加灵活地决定花卉的出售时间。一般情况下,切花芍药仅能保存4周,但近几年来,法国简尼MT公司一直与荷兰芍药种植者合作,致力于帮助他们将种植的切花芍药保存10～12周。"根据产品质量的不同,     

不同抗蒸腾剂对月季切花保鲜的影响

本文对几种抗蒸腾剂应用于月季切花保鲜的保鲜效果进行了研究,结果表明：抗蒸腾剂Vaporgard稀释至1：70浓度后喷洒在月季切花表面,可延长月季切花的保鲜期;抗蒸腾剂wiltpruf易导致白色花系的月季切花产生花朵变色,因而不适用于白色花系的月季切花保鲜;在实验设定的浓度内,抗蒸腾剂Transfilm未找寻到合适的适用于月季切花保鲜的浓度,其最适浓度有待下一步继续实验确定;外源ABA做为月季切花保鲜剂使用时,其最佳的喷施浓度为0.01g/L。     

Effects of auxin and methyl jasmonate on cut rose petal growth through activation of acid invertase

Petal growth associated with flower opening depends on cell expansion caused by water influx. To understand the mechanism of flower opening and to develop a method for improving cut flower quality, we investigated the changes in the amount of soluble carbohydrates and invertase activities in rose (Rosa ‘Meivildo’) petals using attached and cut flowers, and the effects of α-napthylacetic acid (NAA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on cut flowers. Cut rose flowers were harvested at the tight bud stage (TB), or mature bud stage (MB), which is the commercial harvest stage, and 2 days after TB. Cut flowers were immediately treated with deionized water or 1% (w/v) glucose. Fresh weight (FW) and the levels of soluble carbohydrates in petals in cut flowers were lower under postharvest conditions than those of attached flowers during flower opening. Although invertase activities in petals of attached flowers increased drastically during TB and MB, those in the petals harvested at TB did not increase under postharvest conditions. These results suggested that sucrose metabolism, including invertase activity, could be an important factor in cut rose flower opening to a greater extent after harvest. In addition, we tried to control flower opening by affecting invertase activities in petals of cut rose flowers. Cut flowers treated with NAA opened faster and those treated with MeJA opened later than in controls. Levels of soluble carbohydrates and invertase activity in petals were also changed by these treatments. In flowers treated with NAA, activities of both vacuolar and cell wall invertases increased 1 day after treatment and then decreased through to the end of the treatment, although activities in control flowers never increased after harvested. By contrast, cell wall invertase activity in MeJA treated flowers increased 1 day later than with the NAA treatment and remained at a relatively high level until 4 days after treatment compared to the controls. Our results suggest that inducing invertase activity in postharvest conditions may important for the quality of cut roses.     

氮磷钾施肥水平对百合切花与籽球品质的影响

为比较氮磷钾肥对百合切花与籽球生长的影响,以OT百合品种‘黄金甲’为试验材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥不同施肥水平对百合切花和籽球品质性状的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可使百合籽球的干重和围径增加,磷肥对籽球的干、鲜重及围径、直径增长有促进作用,钾肥量100、200 kg/hm²可使籽球生长量增大,但施钾300 kg/hm²会使籽球生长量减小。肥效以磷肥最明显,其次为钾肥和氮肥,磷肥施用量为50 kg/hm²时,籽球生长量最大。施用磷、钾肥可促进切花的株高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积和花径增大,而施氮处理中植株的各性状没有明显改变,钾肥与磷肥的施用量各为100 kg/hm²时肥效接近,但施磷处理的花径增大更多。综上,籽球对氮肥的需求大于切花,施用磷钾肥可提高籽球和切花品质质量,但切花与籽球对磷钾肥的肥效反应不同,磷肥施用量籽球宜为50 kg/hm²、切花宜为100 kg/hm²,钾肥则均可为100 kg/hm²,氮肥不宜单独施用。     

Effect of pre- and postharvest salicylic acid treatment on physio-chemical attributes in relation to vase-life of rose cut flowers

The naturally short vase-life of cut rose flowers, leads to difficulties with long-distance transportation and subsequent marketing. This study was conducted to determine whether application of salicylic acid (SA) pre- and postharvest could improve vase-life of cut rose flowers of the ‘Black Magic’ variety. Aqueous solutions of 50-200 μM salicylic acid were sprayed on roses grown in a controlled greenhouse about two weeks before harvest and flowers were cut and kept in a vase solution of SA (50-400 μM) to examine SA effects on the vase-life, flower development and senescence, increase/decrease of relative fresh and dry weight, vase solution uptake and activity of an antioxidant enzyme, catalase (CAT). All of these attributes were positively affected by SA treatment. The vase solutions containing SA showed a significant increase in cumulative uptake, relative fresh weight, and CAT activity. Generally, CAT activity in intact and cut flowers decreased during the flower bud development with the lowest activity present at petal senescence. However, SA retarded the decrease of CAT activity during senescence both in flowers and leaves compared to the water control. Postharvest SA application prolonged vase-life in cut rose flowers by improving the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity related to CAT activity and by better regulation of the water balance.     

非洲菊切花保鲜中的细菌鉴定和8-HQ抑菌保鲜研究

非洲菊切花瓶插观赏过程中常出现花茎弯曲和花朵下垂现象,该现象与插花溶液中的细菌滋生有关。本研究分离纯化了非洲菊切花清水瓶插中出现的细菌,通过16S rDNA测序法鉴定出瓶插过程中滋生的细菌主要来自泛菌属、假单胞菌属、寡氧单胞菌属以及克雷伯氏菌属;并研究了8-羟基喹啉（8-HQ）抑制泛菌属细菌增长的最低长效抑菌浓度为150 mg/L;选用8-HQ和蔗糖作为切花保鲜剂主要成分时,其中150 mg/L 8-HQ + 6%蔗糖的组合能最有效延长非洲菊鲜切花开放时间,并保持瓶插溶液清亮程度。     

苯扎溴铵预处理对切花菊保鲜的影响初探

为防止Ag+污染环境,开发适宜于切花菊运输前的不含Ag+的预处理剂及预处理方法十分必要。笔者用不同浓度(0~2000 ml/L)无银杀菌剂——苯扎溴铵对切花菊‘神马’的鲜切花进行了不同时间(0~24h)的预处理,然后插入盛有自来水的瓶内,放在温度为20~25℃室内,调查保鲜效果。与其他预处理相比,在100 ml/L溶液预处理3h,瓶插后鲜重一直呈缓慢上升趋势;6d后,极少数叶片发生萎蔫,叶片黄化速度也很缓慢,约90％的叶片12d后还可以保持新鲜;花蕾开放速度也缓慢,15d后仅有50％的花蕾开花,且花瓣挺阔,无枯萎迹象,而且茎干挺直,不弯颈;保鲜效果明显高于其他的预处理。由此可见,使用100 ml/L的苯扎溴铵溶液对菊花鲜切花进行3h的预处理,对其贮运有良好的保鲜效果。     

基于微观经济学视角下的中国鲜切花产业统计数据分析

运用微观经济学理论,从需求、供给、生产者行为、消费者行为以及市场结构5个角度,结合近10年来中国鲜切花产业数据,对中国鲜切花产业的主要经济学特性及其在“十一五”以来的发展变化作了分析和描述;最后提出针对性的建议：加强资源集聚,大力推进花卉产业化进程;加深花卉市场研究,积极引导并开拓国内外花卉消费市场;重视要素市场投入,全面提升鲜切花产业核心竞争力;重点提升花卉品质,逐步提高花卉出口能力。     

保鲜剂对菊花切花衰老过程中生理变化的影响

以大花菊“神马”为材料,利用不同保鲜剂配方对其在保鲜期长短和切花保鲜过程中相关生理指标进行测定,结果表明,2号保鲜剂(去离子水+ 0.03%阿斯匹林+30g/L蔗糖)中切花的花期延长至30天;不同保鲜剂对保鲜过程叶片和花瓣的各项生理指标变化不同,叶片和花瓣的可溶性糖含量较高,可溶性蛋白和SOD变化趋势一致,丙二醛含量趋势不稳定,而叶片和花瓣POD同工酶含量变化趋势相反。研究结果可为菊花切花过程各中保鲜剂的选择提供理论基础,为菊花切花的长短距离运输提供理论依据。     

Ethylene production by gynoecium and receptacle is associated with sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers

Delphinium flowers are sensitive to ethylene, and exposure to ethylene is known to accelerate sepal abscission. The relationship of ethylene to sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers was investigated. The gynoecium and receptacle each contributed to climacteric-like increases in ethylene production whereas the sepals, petals and stamens did not. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, ACC synthase and ACC oxidase activities in the gynoecium and receptacle increased in the senescing flowers. Wounding of the gynoecium or receptacle accelerated abscission of sepals, which was accompanied by a marked increase in ethylene production. Accelerated sepal abscission was counteracted by treatment with silver thiosulphate complex (STS), an inhibitor of ethylene action. The results of this study show that ethylene produced by the gynoecium and receptacle is closely associated with sepal abscission in cut Delphinium flowers.