蜂胶对糖尿病的疗效与作用机理探析

蜂胶的化学成分复杂，具有广泛的生物学活性，近年来关于蜂胶防治糖尿病的报道较多，本文介绍了蜂胶降血糖、防治糖尿病的疗效，重点阐述了蜂胶防治糖尿病的作用机理：降血糖、修复受损胰岛、增强免疫功能、抗菌消炎、清除自由基、改善血液循环、保肝、供能、常量和微量元素等综合作用的结果。     

祁天花粉化学成分及药理作用研究

祁天花粉是临床常用中药之一,含有皂苷、天花粉蛋白、瓜氨酸等化学成分,在抗肿瘤、治疗糖尿病、降血糖等方面发挥了较为重要的作用,本文对其化学成分和药理作用简单综述,为祁天花粉的后续研究工作奠定基础和提供参考。     

壳聚糖的免疫调节作用及其机理研究

壳聚糖的化学名为β-1,4-2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖胺,是自然界存在的唯一的碱性多糖。它具有提高机体的免疫力、抗菌消炎、促进伤口愈合、抗酸、抗溃疡、降血脂、降血糖、降血压及直接抑制肿瘤细胞等多种作用。本文就壳聚糖的免疫调节作用及其机理进行综述。     

全蚕粉(SP)降血糖的作用效果及其机理的研究

研究了全蚕粉及其对实验鼠降血糖的作用。初步检测发现全蚕粉中含有三碘甲腺原氨酸 (T3) ,不含甲状腺素T4。试验证明全蚕粉具有显著降血糖的效果。添加 0 1%的全蚕粉饲喂高血糖实验鼠 4周 ,摄食后 1h和 2h的血糖值分别降低了 13 81% (p <0 0 5 )和 11 0 7%。T淋巴细胞转化率提高 35 % (p <0 0 1)。实验还对全蚕粉降血糖的作用机理进行了探讨 ,认为全蚕粉的降血糖作用可能与抑制小肠粘膜α 麦芽糖苷酶活性有关     

饲料单宁提高鱼类糖利用能力的作用机制研究进展

鱼类先天对糖的利用能力差,摄食高糖饲料容易引发餐后高血糖症,危害鱼体健康,同时也限制了糖在饲料中的应用。采用营养调控手段增加鱼类对糖的耐受能力,有利于提高糖的利用效率,节约蛋白质资源。单宁是广泛分布于自然界的一类天然多酚化合物,具有显著的降血糖功效,其主要途径包括抑制糖代谢酶活性、刺激胰岛素分泌、抑制葡萄糖转运载体mRNA表达以及通过介导肠道特定菌群发挥降血糖生物活性。本文综述了鱼类糖不耐受的生理机制以及单宁降血糖作用机制的研究进展,旨为鱼类糖代谢研究及其健康养殖提供参考。     

家蚕、桑叶粗提物降血糖的作用效果

为进一步开发高效、多剂型的蚕、桑降血糖制剂,研究了不同品种的家蚕和桑叶粗提物降血糖的体外和体内实验效果。结果表明:家蚕提取物的降血糖效果明显优于桑叶粗提物;蚕品种间存在差异,桑品种间差异显著。灌胃家蚕和桑叶粗提物4周后的动物,其餐后血糖值分别降低了33.48%和24.24%。对不同蚕、桑品种降血糖差异的作用机理进行了探讨。     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂及其钝化技术的研究进展

大豆是重要的蛋白质资源之一,但其舍有大量的抗营养因子阻碍机体的消化,尤其是胰蛋白酶抑制剂能抑制生长、造成胰腺肥大.本文综述了大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分类及其特性、作用机理、测定和处理方法.     

马齿苋多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小白鼠的降糖作用

马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea L.)是一种药食同源植物,是马齿苋科一年生草本植物马齿苋的干燥地上全草,别名为五行草、酸苋、猪母菜、地马菜、马蛇子菜、长寿菜等,具有抗糖尿病、抗细菌、抗病毒、抗衰老、提高免疫力等功能.马齿苋富含α-不饱和脂肪酸、β-胡萝卜素、黄酮、香豆素、单萜糖苷、生物碱、多糖等化学成分.马齿苋多糖(POP)具有增强机体免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等作用,而有关降血糖作用未见相关报道,为深入研究其发挥药理作用的有效成分及降血糖效果,本试验研究了马齿苋多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小白鼠的降血糖作用,现介绍如下.     

桑树各入药部位的活性成分及降血糖功能研究进展

桑树(Morus L.)的入药部位包括桑叶、桑椹、桑枝与桑白皮等,现代药理学研究表明,这些桑树药用部位的提取物及其所富含的生物碱、黄酮、多糖等活性成分具有很好的降血糖功效。本文对桑树各药用部位提取物的降血糖作用、活性成分与降血糖机制研究成果以及桑树资源的降血糖药用开发利用现状进行综述,认为今后如果能进一步研究解决桑树降血糖活性物质在人体内的半衰期短的难题,将会推进以桑树资源开发高效降血糖制剂或保健品的临床应用进程。     

不同来源蚕粉的营养组成及抑制糖苷酶活性的比较研究

家蚕粉含有丰富的营养组成和显著的降血糖效果,已被越来越多的实验所证实并为人们所接受,正为解除糖尿病患者的痛苦发挥积极的作用。研究表明,家蚕粉降血糖是与抑制小肠粘膜α-麦芽糖苷酶活性有关,起到弥补内分泌(胰岛素)失调     

中药桑枝化学成分及药理活性研究进展

桑枝是一种重要的药用植物资源,一直作为民间常用中药。本文概述了桑枝的药用化学成分或提取物及其药理活性研究进展,桑枝所含主要化学成分有黄酮类化合物、生物碱、多糖和香豆精类化合物,尚含有氨基酸、有机酸、挥发油及多种维生素等,桑枝具有降血糖血脂、免疫、抗炎等功效,具有广阔的药物开发前景。     

Effects of physical and chemical immobilization on hematologic and biochemical variables in captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira)

Background: Alterations in cellular and chemical constituents in blood are indicators of physical or chemical restraint in deer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical and chemical restraint on hematologic and biochemical analytes in captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). Methods: Six adult deer were physically restrained and randomly anesthetized in a crossover design using 3 protocols (P). In P1, anesthesia was induced directly with isoflurane using a face mask and was maintained with isoflurane delivered by endotracheal tube. In P2, oral premedication with midazolam was followed 1 hour later by induction and maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, as in P1. In P3, intravenous anesthesia with a combination of ketamine, xylazine, and atropine was followed by anesthesia with isoflurane, as in P1. Blood was collected immediately after physical restraint (T0) and during anesthesia at 20‐minute intervals (T15, T35, and T55). Hematologic and biochemical constituents were determined using manual methods or automated analyzers, with cortisol measured by enzyme immunoassay. Results: During physical restraint, following food and water restriction, significant hemoconcentration, increased WBC count, and lower cortisol concentration were observed compared with results at T15, T35, and T55. During anesthesia, lymphocyte count was lower in P2 than P1, urea concentration was decreased at T15 using P2, and plasma glucose concentration was increased after T0 (P<.01). Among the anesthetic protocols, there was a trend for decreased cortisol concentration using P2. Conclusions: Physical restraint and anesthesia affect some blood constituents in captive brown brocket deer, and midazolam premedication may modify the intensity of the stress response.     

桑树不同药用部位的降血糖效果比较

桑树是一种重要的药用植物资源。以春天采集的桑叶、桑白皮、桑枝(嫩枝)和桑皮4种中药材为材料,究了4种中药材的乙醇提取物对链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin)诱导的糖尿病小鼠的降血糖效果。结果显示,这4中药材都具有明显的降血糖作用,其中桑枝的功效最为显著     

1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)的研究进展

1-脱氧野尻霉素（DNJ）是桑叶中的一种生物碱，它也存在于其他植物或细菌中，DNJ作为α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制剂，具有降血糖，抗病毒，抗肿瘤转移等作用。另外，DNJ还是α-葡萄糖淀粉酶的有效的抑制剂。DNJ作为载体，可用于高纯度麦芽糖的酶合成，本文综述DNJ的化学结构。来源及用途。     

全蚕粉复合物降血糖及降血脂效果的比较

通过动物试验和糖尿病患者服用试验,比较了全蚕粉复合物(SPC)与全蚕粉(SP)的降血糖和降血脂效果。动物试验表明,SPC的降血糖效果优于SP和拜糖平,并能显著提高糖尿病小鼠的C肽水平,降低小鼠血浆总胆固醇水平。糖尿病患者服用SPC后,不仅能降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖,而且能降低糖化血红蛋白水平,未发现低血糖及其它不良反应。     

植物多糖的研究与开发应用进展

植物多糖不仅具有免疫调节、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等生物活性,而且大多具有毒性较小的特点,在疾病预防及保健产品开发等方面具有广阔的应用前景。综述了近年来植物多糖的提取与分离纯化方法,多糖的结构鉴别技术以及在免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗病毒等药理活性方面的研究与应用进展,并对桑叶多糖的研究与开发应用概况作了简要评述。     

蚕粉复合物对小鼠若干生理指标的影响

以小鼠为试验动物 ,对以全蚕粉为主要成分的降血糖复合物 (SPC)的生理作用和药效进行了探讨。结果表明 ,该复合物可以显著降低小鼠的食后血糖 ,并能提高小鼠抗疲劳能力和耐力 ,对小鼠的生长发育、繁殖等无不良影响 ,未发现有任何毒副作用。     

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae1026 used alone or with vitamin-mineral premix on biochemical parameters of blood and milk in dairy cows

When evaluating the effects of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae1026) supplied with or without a vitamin premix and mineral bioplexes on some intermediates and end-products involved in the synthesis of milk constituents in 30 early-lactation Black and White Lowland cows, no significant differences were found in the glucose level, mineral contents and enzyme activities of the blood serum. The effect of yeast culture on the availability of minerals for milk synthesis depended upon the dynamics of degradation of mineral bioplexes in the rumen and the cows' mineral status. The insignificant increase found in blood total protein content and the simultaneous small differences in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) values in cows supplied with the yeast culture were probably associated with a high ammonia incorporation into microbial protein in the rumen, which increased protein supply for milk protein synthesis and decreased the nitrogen loss.     

Reference blood chemical values in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Reference blood chemical values were determined for 65 male and 61 female ostriches (Struthio camelus) 1 month to 72 months of age. Plasma values of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, osmolality, electrolytes, and enzyme activity were determined. In general, differences in various values appeared mainly among age groups and less so between sexes. Older ostriches had lower plasma glucose values and enzyme activity than did younger ostriches. High plasma sodium and chloride concentrations in young ostriches correlated with high plasma osmolalities. Plasma calcium values were lower in laying ostriches. Uric acid concentrations were markedly higher than were urea concentrations in all ostriches.