60Co-γ辐照对越南油茶种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响

试验选取越南油茶"璠龙3号"(Camellia drupifera'Fanlong 3')、"璠龙4号"(C.drupifera'fanlong 4')和"璠龙5号"(C.ddrupifera'Fanlong 5')优树的种子进行60Co-γ 射线处理,研究0、10、20、30 Gy辐照对种子发芽率、出苗率和幼苗苗高、叶长、叶宽、叶面积以及叶片总叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明,辐射对"璠龙3号"、"璠龙4号"优树种子发芽具有促进作用;30 Gy辐射处理的种子出苗率在各处理中最低,"璠龙3号"、"璠龙4号"、"璠龙5号"优树种子的出苗率分别为74.44%、72.86%和66.67%;60Co-γ 辐射一定程度上抑制了越南油茶"璠龙"幼苗的高生长,对3个无性系幼苗的叶长、叶宽和叶面积生长影响不显著;60Co-γ 辐射对3个无性系叶片总叶绿素含量的影响较明显,表现为总叶绿素含量降低.     

三化多氧健康水设备

山东中大水处理科技有限公司是研究饮用水的专业机构,在水处理技术方面位于同行业前列,拥有十多项发明专利技术,先后获得了"临沂市青年文明号"、"山东省文明诚信企业"、"中国企业诚信经营示范单位"的荣誉称号.产品广泛用于楼宇社区、房产物业分质供水;酒厂、药厂大型纯水设备;并承接中水、污水处理工程.     

康平县防沙治沙工程存在的主要问题与对策

康平县经过系列工程治理,环境得到了改善,但仍存在着纯林多、树种单一等问题,暴露出康平县生态环境的脆弱性.提出在统一规划的基础上,坚持"合理布局,综合治理"的原则,做到"点、片、线"结合;实现生态效益、经济效益和社会效益的统一;科学地开发利用沙地资源.     

对鬼臼“同名异物”的疏分

《神农本草经》始记载的"鬼臼",因以根状茎入药,自古来源复杂。但南北朝陶弘景已知鬼臼"有两种",且将马目毒公分出。而《本草纲目》却不以为然,而且将唐、宋文献中与鬼臼相关的许多植物名作鬼臼的异名;当代《中华本草》,又以这些名称和明、清文献中与"鬼臼"有关的植物名称,均作"八角莲"的异名,使"鬼臼"来源仍很杂乱。经考证确认:今小檗科鬼臼属植物Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng ex Ying当系鬼臼正品;羞天花、八角盘、金星八角指同属植物D.majorensis(Gagnep.)Ying,以及D.veitchii(Hemsl.et Wils.)Fu ex Ying;宋代诗文中的"琼田草""唐婆镜",应是叶面有光泽的D.pleiantha(Hance)Woodson;"木律草"原描述"有二种",形态杂乱,可疏分为D.difformis(Hemsl.et Wils.)T.H.Wang和D.majorensis(Gagnep.)Ying,而花"青白色"者,则当系山荷叶属植物Diphylleia sinensis H.L.Li,它也是马目毒公、旱荷叶、山荷叶的原植物。在分类粗放的古代,它们均与"鬼臼"混同。     

浅谈夏季“V”字型陡坡山地的林火扑救方法

分析了夏季"V"字型陡坡山地林火的火强度大,火场温度高;地表火蔓延慢,局部出现立体燃烧;明火易扑救,暗火难清理;扑救推进速度慢,危险性大的特点.简述了速战速决、化整为零和"两保"的扑救原则.阐明了对付这种火灾的单点突破,一线超越;多点突破,分击合围;小兵力反复冲击,大部队快速清理;提前设防,控制要害和守清结合,反复清理的基本战法.     

浅论西盟县林业产业结构调整

西盟县是全国两个佤族自治县之一,"边、山、少、穷"出路在林,必须念好"山"字经.分析了林业发展的潜力,介绍了"十一·五"的主要任务,需要采取的措施.     

试论创建园林式军营的思路与构想

部队营区建设不能只满足于绿起来,更要有利于实现人的全面发展.创建园林式军营正是促进军营由"绿色军营"向"生态军营"转变的有效手段,它同时标志着我军的文明和进步.利用山、海、湖的自然条件,为葫芦岛市某部队创建园林式军营奠定了基础.因此,提出营区园林绿化总体构想:在园林中建军营,在营区内建花园;园林景点星罗棋布,营区绿化点、线、面有机结合;营院精致绿化与荒山防护绿化融为一体.形成"森林包围军营,军营依托森林"的和谐、优美的生态空间.     

种植致富五渠道

一、种植"规模"菜 即扩大面积,形成规模.近年来蔬菜生产的实践证明,有规模才有市场;形不成大的规模,就难以解决"卖菜难"的问题.对于远离大中城市的偏僻农村,要适当发展一些耐储运的蔬菜,如大蒜、大葱、土豆等.这类蔬菜相对来说市场风险小一些.     

论我国野生动物资源的刑法保护

刑法介入野生动物资源保护非常必要.我国刑法在野生动物资源保护方面存在立法缺陷,针对这些缺陷,应该扩大野生动物资源法律保护的范围;修改并完善野生动物保护法有关刑事责任的条款,使之与刑法相衔接;增设"破坏环境资源保护罪"专章,并在其中设置 "破坏野生动物资源罪"专节,将直接针对野生动物的犯罪纳入其中;增设"故意伤害、虐待珍贵、濒危野生动物罪"和"点食、购买、出售野生动物菜肴罪",以期充分发挥刑法的作用,更好地保护我国的野生动物资源.     

湖南省油茶产业化现状及发展战略

为了加快湖南省油茶的产业化发展,分析了湖南发展油茶产业的有利条件,一是湖南是著名的"油茶之乡",具有得天独厚的传统优势;二是"粮油安全"、"食用油木本化"为茶油工业的崛起提供了良好的市场前景.探讨了制约湖南油茶产业发展的关键性问题,一是经营粗放、大面积单产低;二是经营方式落后.产业发育不完善.据此,提出了限实现湖南油茶产业化的战略途径,一是实施低产林改造,建立高效栽培基地;二是开展综合开发利用,提高油条产品附加值.     

仁用杏良种选择研究

1997-2003年,在陕北榆林沙盖黄土区和黄土丘陵区,通过对引进的仁用杏品种设点观测,和对物候期、生长量、产量、出仁率、杏仁品质及抗病虫、抗霜冻等性能进行调查,尤其从抗冻性能上对不同仁用杏品种进行评述．提出了适于陕北地区栽培的仁用杏抗霜冻品种为“优一”。“一窝蜂”的抗冻性能优于“龙王帽”和“白玉扁”,“龙王帽”和“白玉扁”的抗冻能力较差。     

Dynamic properties of three types of wood-based composites

This study used a vibration test method to show that grain angles of face veneer have substantial effects on sound velocities and dynamic Youngs moduli of three types of wood-based composites. The sound velocity at 0° grain angle of face veneer was the highest, and it decreased with increasing grain angle in the range of 0° to 90°. This tendency was similar to that for dynamic Youngs modulus. The relationship between the grain angle of face veneer and the sound velocity of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of Hankinsons equation or a second-order parabolic equation. This study also showed that the application of orthotropic elasticity theory was valid for the three types of wood-based composites. The relationship between the grain angle of the face veneer and the Youngs modulus of three types of wood-based composites can be expressed in the form of the Jenkin equation, Hankinsons equation, or a second-order parabolic equation. Rule of mixture can also be used to predict the Youngs modulus of wood-based composite from the Youngs moduli of the two elements.Part of this study was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, Japan, March 2003 and the 15th Annual Meeting of Chugoku Shikoku Branch of the Japan Wood Research Society, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan, September 2003     

干旱胁迫对福建柏不同无性系的生理特性影响

本文分析了干旱胁迫条件下,福建柏不同无性系生理特性的动态变化规律。通过36d的干旱胁迫处理,不同无性系福建柏之间表现出不同的伤害程度,分为重度、中度和轻度伤害3类。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片MDA随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片MDA继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系受到的膜脂过氧化作用的程度也不同,这可能是导致不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度的原因之一。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系其叶片的渗透调节作用程度也不同,这也可能是导致不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度的原因之一。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片CAT和SOD随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片CAT和SOD继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系其叶片的酶保护调节作用程度也不同,不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度也可能与此有一定的关系。     

南方型杨树优良无性系引选研究初报

对近年引种和选育的15个南方型杨树优良无性系进行栽培比较试验。结果表明,其中14个引选品种3a生单株材积超过对照品种Ⅰ－69杨10％以上,证明在武汉地区适合生长。而其中的珍珠杨（南抗1号）、中潜3号、中汉578号、中驻2号和自育的汉选1号等6个新品种,不仅单株材积明显超过对照,而且其抗桑天牛能力也高于对照,建议重点进行推广栽培。     

Effect of cutting position on rooting and shoot growth of two poplar clones

One-year-old shoots from stooling beds of Populus × deltoides Walker and Populus jackii Northwest were collected in late fall to determine the effect of cutting position on rooting and growth of hardwood poplar cuttings. Cuttings with a minimum diameter of 9.0 mm were obtained from basal, middle and distal locations on the poplar shoot. Rooting and shoot growth were assessed in the greenhouse and under field conditions. Walker poplar cuttings collected from basal portions of the shoot and planted in the field had 87.6% rooting and 103.8 cm growth compared to 78.8% and 103.4 cm and 67.6% and 88.8 cm for middle and distal locations respectively. For Northwest rooting and growth under field conditions was 84.4% and 94.7 cm for basal, 78.4% and 90.5 cm for mid and 64.4% and 84.3 cm for distal locations. Rooting in the greenhouse was superior to the field. Walker cuttings had fewer roots and buds per cutting than Northwest, however, growth of Walker in the field was superior.     

Influence of moisture content on the vibrational properties of hematoxylin-impregnated wood

The vibrational property of hematoxylinimpregnated wood was investigated from the aspect of moisture content dependence. The specific dynamic Young's modulus (E/) and loss tangent (tan) of hematoxylin-impregnated wood were determined in the relative humidity (RH) range of 0%–97%, and were compared with those of the untreated and some conventional chemically treated woods. The changes in theE/ and tan of wood with increasing RH were suppressed by acetylation and formaldehyde treatment because of a marked reduction in the hygroscopicity of the wood. Although the hematoxylin impregnation did not significantly affect the hygroscopicity of the wood, its influence onE/ and tan were similar to that of formaldehyde treatment at low RH and of acetylation at medium RH. It was supposed that at low to medium RH hematoxylin restrains the molecular motion of amorphous substances in the cell wall because of its bulkiness and rigidity. On the other hand, at high RH it seems to work as a plasticizer with adsorbed water molecules.     

The role of extension in agroforestry development: evidence from western Kenya

The extension strategy used by the CARE International in Kenya Agroforestry Extension Project (AEP) is described. This strategy is evaluated in terms of documented changes in farmer's agroforestry practices and the importance of AEP relative to other changes in economic incentives, institutional support, and land use and tenure rules for agroforestry. The project served mainly to increase awareness of the multipurpose potential of agroforestry, expand available technical options, and strengthen local institutions. Its community-based extension approach was more suitable for local conditions than commodity-based, training-and-visit, farming systems, or media-based extension. Projects are encouraged to tailor extension design to local circumstances, use community participation to guide extension priorities, and use extensionists as catalysts and information brokers.Research undertaken while the author was a Principal Scientist at the International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.     

为传统名花绣球和粉团正名

为纠正植物学专著对传统名花“绣球”和“粉团”的错误考订,恢复它们的本来面目,进行了文献考证和实物比对。结果表明,《中国植物志》中的粉团Viburnumplicatum Thunb．实乃典籍中的绣球;而该书的绣球Hydrangeamacrophylla（Thunb．）Ser．,才是真正的粉团（该种曾称“八仙花”,更谬甚）。本文还对它们混淆的根源作了探讨。     

Iterative increase of economic tree species in managed swidden-fallows of the Amazon

Fallow utilization schemes are becoming increasingly popular in agroforestry designs. However little attention has been given to the fate of valuable fallow plants after the end of the initial fallow cycle, and over successive fallow cycles on a regional or inter-fallow level. Evidence is presented here for the spontaneous long-term community enrichment of an area with valuable plants in a cyclic or iterative fashion, in the context of an existing fallow utilization scheme in the Amazon. Review of the ecological processes which operate at microsite, field and community levels indicate that:

Microwave pyrolysis of cellulosic materials for the production of anhydrosugars

Large-scale microwave rapid pyrolysis of cellulosic materials has been investigated. Levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro--d-glucopyranose) was obtained from a larch log as the main anhydrosugar in 2.6% yield on the basis of dry wood weight. This yield would be much higher than that obtainable by conventional pyrolysis in the largescale reaction. Levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy--D-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose) was found to be produced in one-quarter the amount of levoglucosan. Other anhydrosugars, such as mannosan (1,6-anhydro--D-mannopyranose), galactosan (1,6-anhydro--d-galactopyranose), and xylosan (1,4-anhydro--d-xylopyranose), were also confirmed to be produced as minor components depending on the proportion of the monosaccharide content in the larch. When microwave pyrolysis of used papers and filter papers was performed, the yields of levoglucosan were about 6% and 12%, respectively, suggesting that a higher content of cellulose gives a larger amount of levoglucosan.