桔梗根际线虫种类调查与分析

从安徽省毫州市采集根际土样５０份,经分离鉴定,确认植物寄生线虫Ｎｅｏｐｓｉｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ｂａｓｉｒｉａ（Ｂ．ｋａｓｌｍｉｒｅｎｓｉｓ、Ｂ．ｐａｒｖａｍｐｈｉｄｉａ）、Ｈｏｐｌｏｌａｉｍｕｓ、Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌ－ｏｎｅｍａ（Ｓ．ｂｒａｙｄｓａｎｄｒａｓｓｙ）、Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｎｅ（Ｍ．ｉｎｃｏｇｎｉｔａ）、Ｎｅｔｈｏｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ（Ｎ．ａｎｔｒｉｃｏｌｕｓ）、Ｐａｒａｔｙｌｅｎｃｈｕｓ、Ａｐｈｌ     

玉米各亚种的核型研究

研究了玉米８个亚种，２个亚型的核型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２０，主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成，第６对染色体短臂均具随体。但臂比值不同，可区分为Ａ１（ｍ染色体）、Ａ２（ｓｍ）、Ａ３（ｓｔ）三类。在核型中具中部着丝点染色体的数目，罕见栽培或原始类型多于广泛栽培的类型。玉米各亚种的核型进化的趋势是由对称向不对称方向发展。     

苹果种质资源的离体保存

苹果（ＭａｌｕｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａＢｏｒｋｈ）试管苗在ＭＳ附加０．５ｍｇ／ｌＢＡ、０．２ｍｇ／ｌＩＡＡ、０．５％甘露醇、３０ｇ／ｌ蔗糖和５ｇ／ｌ琼脂的培养基上，在４℃黑暗条件下连续保存１２个月，其存活率达８７％，并且保持其遗传稳定性     

棉属分类及其染色体组研究进展

本文综述了棉属（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ）分类和棉属梁色体组研究的最新进展。全文共分５个部分：（１）棉属分类，重点介绍了Ｆｒｙｘｅｌｌ的棉属分类方案以及最近几次较大的修订情况，并列出了包括４７个种、４个亚种在内的棉属最新分类名录；（２）棉属染色体组。介绍了棉属细胞学及染色体组研究的发展历史，把棉属分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ和Ｇ７个二倍体染色体组和ＡＤ１个异源四倍体复合染色体组；（３）棉属染色体核型分析。介绍了棉属染色体核型研究的意义和内容；（４）棉属染色体组的演化。介绍了棉属染色体组演化的四种不同观点，讨论了ＡＤ复合染色体组供体问题；（５）讨论。讨论了棉属分类以及比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉｉ）和大萼组（ｓｅｃｔ．Ｇｒａｎｄｉｃａｌｙｘ）棉种的染色体组归属问题。     

澳洲棉种遗传多样性的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ（ＲａｎｄｏｍｌｙＡｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄＰｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤＮＡ）对斯特提棉（Ｇ．ｓｔｕｒｔｉａｎｕｍ）、南岱华棉（Ｇ．ｎａｎｄｅｗａｒｅｎｓｅ）、鲁滨逊氏棉（Ｇ．ｒｏｂｉｎｓｏｎｉ）、澳洲棉（Ｇ．ａｕｓｔｒａｌｅ）、比克氏棉（Ｇ．ｂｉｃｋｉ）和奈尔逊氏棉（Ｇ．ｎｅｌｓｏｎｉ）进行了研究，结果表明：６个澳洲棉种具有丰富的遗传多样性，在这６个澳洲棉种中，澳洲棉与鲁滨逊氏棉、南岱华棉与斯特提棉具有较近的亲缘关系。聚类分析发现，鲁宾逊氏棉和比克氏棉是两个较为特殊的棉种。此外，本文对比克氏棉和木槿组（Ｈｉｂｉｓ－ｃｏｉｄｅａ）的其它棉种的染色体组的归属问题进行了讨论     

麦套夏播转Bt基因棉田主要害虫及其天敌的发生规律

１９９７年在田间系统研究了转Ｂｔ基因棉品种中棉所３０（Ｒ９３－６）在麦套种植方式下,对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群的影响。结果表明,转基因棉对棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍｉｇｅｒａ）和棉造桥虫（Ａｎｏｍｉｓｆｌａｖａ）有良好的抗性,发生高峰期百株幼虫数量均显著低于对照品种中棉所１６（早熟品种）,但转基因棉田仍需防治三、四代棉铃虫;和常规棉相比,转基因棉自然控制田和转基因棉综合防治田的棉蚜（Ａｐｈｉｓｇｏｓｙｐｉ）分别增加３３．１％和减少２５．１％、红蜘蛛（Ｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｃｉｎｎａｂａｒｉｎｕｓ）分别增加１３８．９％和减少１８．５％、棉蓟马（Ｔｈｒｉｐｓｔａｂａｃｉ）分别增加３４６．０％和３１５．３％、白粉虱（Ｔｒｉａｌｅｕｒｏｄｅｓｖａｐｏｒａｒｉｏｒｕｍ）分别增加６３．８％和２９．０％、棉盲蝽（Ｌｙｇｕｓｌｕｃｏｒｕｍ）分别增加５７．１％和减少１８．９％、棉叶蝉（Ｅｍｐｏａｓｃａｂｉｇｕｔｕｌａ）分别增１１．５％和１４．２％、龟纹瓢虫（Ｐｒｏｐｙｌａｅａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）分别增加１１．８％和４５．５％、草间小黑蛛（Ｅｒｉｇｏｎｉｄｉｕｍｇｒａｍｉｎｉｃｏｌａ）分别减少３．６％和３．６％、草蛉（Ｃｈ     

普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的创建和鉴定：Ⅰ.小麦花药培养对创建…

通过顶芒山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｃｏｍｏｓａ２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４，ＭＭ）与波斯小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｐｅｒｓｉｃｕｍ２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８，ＡＡＢＢ）杂交，人工合成遗传上相对稳定的双二倍体（２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２，ＡＡＢＢＭＭ），以此为桥梁，与普通小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）品种“欧柔”进行正反杂（回）交，借助花药培养过程中能产生非整倍单倍体和非整倍双倍体的特点，在改良Ｃ１７固体培养基上上接种花药，诱     

抗虫棉Bt杀虫晶体蛋白免疫检测方法的研究

抗虫棉Ｂｔ杀虫晶体蛋白免疫检测方法的研究Ｅｎｚｙｍｅ┐ｌｉｎｋｅｄＩｍｍｕｎｏｓｏｒｂｅｎｔＡｓｓａｙ（ＥＬＩＳＡ）ｏｆＢａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎ┐ｇｅｎｓｉｓＩｎｓｅｃｔＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎａｓＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｉｎＴｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃＣ...     

通过游离小孢子培养获得绿菜花（Brassica oleracea var.italica）再生植株

通过游离小孢子培养获得绿菜花（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｉｔａｌｉｃａ）再生植株ＰｌａｎｔＲｅｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍＩｓｏｌａｔｅｄＭｉｃｒｏｓｐｏｒｅＣｕｌｔｕｒｅｏｆＢｒａｓｉｃａｏｌｅｒａｃｅａｖａｒ．ｉｔａｌｉｃａ７０年代初...     

浅议我省南瓜资源的开发利用

浅议我省南瓜资源的开发利用张敏（贵州省农科院中心实验室贵阳市５５０００６）南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｓｐ．），别名倭瓜、饭瓜、番瓜，属葫芦科一年生草本植物，依性状种类不同其栽培种常分为三大类：中国南瓜（Ｃ．ｍｏｓｃｈａｔａＤｕｃｈ）、印度南瓜（Ｃ．Ｍａ...     

Genetic diversity of a global collection of maize genetic resources in relation to their subspecies assignments,geographic origin,and drought tolerance

The genetic diversity among an international collection of 40 maize accessions has been evaluated using DNA ISSR fingerprinting. Among the 180 ISSR markers scored by 15 primers, 161 markers (89.59%) were polymorphic and 19 were unique in 16 accessions. A cluster tree based on the average distance coefficients and the Dice similarity indices divided the accessions into three major groups, each including clusters of accessions assigned to their subspecies. However, a low level of genetic differentiation among the accessions was demonstrated by the STRUCTURE analysis of ISSR data in agreement with the low gene flow (Nm) value among the accessions. A scatter diagram of the principal component analysis (PCA) based on ISSR data analysis revealed that the accessions were differentiated into three groups comparable to those produced by the cluster analysis, in which some accessions of the same subspecies showed a close similarity to each other. A scatter diagram of the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the drought tolerance indices (DTIs) showed that nine genetically similar accessions share drought tolerance characteristics; these include four of subsp. indurata, three of subsp. everata, and two of subsp. indentata. An abundance of unique ISSR alleles found in the 16 accessions, including the nine drought-tolerant accessions, represents rich untapped genetic resources and these accessions may be exploited in the future breeding of maize commercial lines.     

Dynamics of Growth and Water Relations of Fodderbeet and Seabeet in Response to Salinity

A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with two subspecies of beet, fodderbeet ( Beta vulgaris cv. Majoral) and seabeet ( Beta maritima ), under saline conditions. Growth and physiological parameters (dry weight, leaf area, water relations and net photosynthesis) were recorded. The two subspecies responded differently in terms of growth parameters. Plant growth was significantly reduced at 400 m m NaCl, while no significant growth reduction occurred at 200 m m NaCl. Fairly high values of relative growth rate were associated with the leaf area of the cultivars. The water content of the shoot decreased with plant age. The fodderbeet cultivar Majoral showed a significant increase in dry matter at 200 m m NaCl after 5 weeks. This growth improvement may be related to the better adaptation of the plants under saline conditions.     

基于叶绿体DNA序列的Ceratotropis亚属遗传进化研究

作为Ceratotropis亚属起源中心之一,中国有丰富的Ceratotropis亚属种质资源,但种间遗传进化研究相对落后。为探索该亚属各种间的亲缘关系及遗传演化规律,对Ceratotropis亚属18个种及亚种共110份材料的叶绿体基因组2个内含子(rpl16、rps16)和3个基因(psbA-trnH、rpoB-trnC和trnL-trnF)的间隔区序列进行了研究。结果表明,各序列的信息位点百分率在3.63%~24.28%之间,其中rps16最高,rpoB-trnC最低。序列拼接的Kimura进化距离分析发现,各种间进化距离介于0~0.057之间,V. minima复合体(V. minima、V. riukinensis和V. nakashime)和V. subramaniana的进化距离最大。基于单个序列,利用MEGA5.1和PAUP4.0软件构建的邻接树和最大简约树的结果均将Ceratotropis亚属18个种及亚种划分为2大支,其中第I类包含9个种和亚种,为3个组(Angulares、Ceratotropis和Aconitifoliae)的混合体,第II类也包含9个种和亚种,全部属于Angulares组。系统发育树的分化同质性检验表明其拓扑一致性较高(P=0.87)。psbA-trnH等5个序列的分子系统进化研究对阐明Ceratotropis亚属种间亲缘关系和系统演化具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

The taxonomic characterisation of annual Beta germplasm in a genetic resources collection using RAPD markers

Summary Annual beets in the genus Beta section Beta represent an important genetic resource. Representative accessions of annual beets from a beet germplasm collection were analysed using RAPD to assess the patterns of variation and relationships among them. Using arbitrary primers, markers showing variation across accessions were identified. A dendrogram of similarity was produced using these molecular markers. All the accessions analysed were classified into three major groups corresponding to species or subspecies macrocarpa, adanensis and maritima. Macrocarpa was shown to be the most divergent group in this section. Using RAPD molecular markers, it was possible to ascribe an accession to one of three taxonomic groups and overcome much of the confusion encountered when morphological traits are used for identification. The group of maritima was found to be more polymorphic than either the group of macrocarpa or adanensis at both accession and subspecies levels.     

水稻穗颈维管束性状的类型间差异及其遗传的研究

１９８７￣１９９０年以包括典型粳型、典型籼型、通过籼粳稻杂交育成的偏梗型和偏籼型４种类型共６８个品种为试材，研究了穗颈维管束性状的类型间差异及其遗传。结果表明：无论亚种间还是不同亚种的类型间，穗颈大维管束数均存在显著差异，而亚种内类型间的差异则未达到显著水平；穗颈小维管束数亚种间差异不显著，但亚种内类型间有一定差异；第２节间与穗颈大维管束数之比和穗颈大小维管束数之比的变异趋势与穗颈大维管束数相似，     

Some notes on the relations between field resistance to Phytophthora infestans in leaves and tubers and ripening time in Solanum tuberosum subsp. Tuberosum

A survey is made of the correlations between three characters, viz. field resistance of the foliage and of the tubers to Phytophthora infestans and ripening time. The relation between resistance of the foliage and ripening time is so close, that to all appearances it seems to be difficult to combine earliness with a high degree of resistance. This conclusion holds true only for the subspecies tuberosum of Solanum tuberosum and the breeder must draw some optimism from the possibility that this close correlation can be broken by the use of wild and cultivated South American and Mexican material.There is not such a close correlation between ripening time and tuber resistance. From some preliminary experiments the impression is gained that the skin of the tuber is an important barrier for the penetration of the fungus into the tuber in many cases. However, the defence reactions of the flesh are also instrumental in determining of degree of field resistance.     

Determination of genetic variation and taxonomy in lentil (Lens Miller) species by chloroplast DNA polymorphism

Summary Chloroplast DNA restriction fragment lenght polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to examine the taxonomic relationships of cultivated and wild lentil (Lens Miller) species and identify the extent of genetic variation in this genus. Twelve accessions representing all Lens subspecies were digested with four hexanucleotide-recognizing restriction endonucleases. These digests randomly surveyed 540 base pairs, or 0.4% of the approximately 125 kilobase lentil chloroplast genome. A high degree of gragment length conservation was seen among members of crossability group I, i.e., L. c. ssp. culinaris, L. c. ssp. orientalis and L. c. ssp. odemensis. Accessions of the two subspecies comprising crossability group II, i.e., L. n. ssp. nigricans and L. n. ssp. ervoides, showed the greatest amount of variation when compared to the cultivated lentil, L. c. ssp. culinaris. Limited variation was observed within subspecies except for L. n. ssp. nigricans, where accessions of the normal cytotype were highly polymorphic to those of the differentiated cytotype. Chloroplast DNA RFLPs reaffirm hypotheses that propose L. c. ssp. orientalis as the progenitor to the cultivated lentil. The implications of this study on taxonomy and genetic resources is also discussed.     

Genetic Variation for Regenerative Response in Immature Leaflet Cultures of the Cultivated Peanut,Arachis hypogaea*

Forty-seven genotypes of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., were screened for regenerative responses of immature leaflet cultures on two media varying in the auxin: cytokinin ratio. Statistical analysis revealed significant media and genotype differences for rhizogenesis plus media differences for callus proliferation but no differences for shoot formation. When genotypes were categorized according to botanical types, differences between subspecies were observed for rhizogenesis. Cultivars of the Virginia botanical type (subspecies hypogaea) were significantly different from either the Valencia or Spanish botanical types (both subspecies fastigiata). Overall, rhizogenesis varied from 0 to 70% among all genotypes. Shoot production was low (30%) while callus proliferation was extremely high (70%).     

Genetic variation for isozyme genes and proteins in spanish primitive cultivars and wild subspecies of Lens

Summary An analysis of the variability for genes encoding seven isozyme systems and storage proteins in a collection of cultivated and wild accessions of Lens is reported. The collection, which is part of the Spanish INIA Cenebank, contains the ssp. culinaris, orientalis, odemensis, nigricans and ervoides, and presents a high degree of genetic diversity both within and between the accessions. A total 25 loci were examined; of these, 18 were polymorphic (the 7 genes encoding storage proteins, and the following isozyme loci: Acp-1, Acp-2, Cpx-1, Cpx-2, Aat-p, Aat-m, Lap-1, Mdh-2, Mdh-3, Mdh-4 and 6pgd-p) and 7 were monomorphic (Aat-mb, Aat-c, Mdh-1, Mdh-5, 6pgd-2, Pgm-c and Pgm-p). The phylogenetic relationships between subspecies were analyzed using the allelic frequencies. The study suggests that orientalis and odemensis share more biochemical characters than the other subspecies, and that those subspecies keep an intermediate position between Lens culinaris and Lens nigricans.     

栽培稻种内rDNA基因IGS序列分析及系统学意义

以普通野生稻为对照, 将rDNA基因间区(IGS)序列用于栽培稻种内不同亚种以及亚种内不同品种的亲缘关系分析。结果表明, 栽培稻种内IGS序列长度为2 130~2 145 bp, G+C含量为74.59%~75.29%, 变异位点229个, 占10.70%, 信息位点76个, 占3.51%。IGS序列中籼亚种和粳亚种之间有38个亚种标志性碱基差异, 主要分布在IGS 5′ 端近400 bp的序列中。用IGS序列构建的系统树能将栽培稻的籼亚种和粳亚种分为两大类, 亚种内不同亲缘关系的品种也能区分开。本研究结果支持爪哇稻为栽培稻中一个独立亚种的观点。