筒式减振器油液泄漏机理的研究

通过对减振器油液泄漏机理进行分析,得到了泄漏的主要影响因素.论述了减振器油液物理特性,并对使用前、后的减振器油液进行了物理和化学特性测试分析;对油液运动进行分析,建立了减振器临界速度的概念,给出了阻尼系数随速度变化的曲线;对液压气穴现象产生的机理进行分析,得到了气穴产生的影响因素.同时,对减振器进行了受力分析,建立了摩擦力解析计算式,给出了减小摩擦力的措施;对减振器密封圈的结构进行了分析,对吞入空气和泄漏油液的机理进行了探讨,提出了减振器油封结构设计应采取的措施.     

玉米胚芽制油国家标准执行中的一些问题及建议

本文提出了GB19111-2003《玉米油》中存在的一些问题及建议,讨论了行业进步对标准的要求,介绍了玉米胚芽的来源,提出了玉米胚芽油的命名合理性,讨论了解决原油指标的办法,分析了色泽、烟点指标容易造成油脂过度精炼原因以及讨论了冷冻试验方法的改进。     

政绩

吉宁县是一个国家级贫困县,历届领导班子都想利用扶贫资金搞一个短平快的项目作为主导产业,一方面尽快脱贫致富,一方面给自己做些政绩出来。王书记来了,激情飞扬,毁了麦苗栽苹果,全县变成了大果园,可由于品质不佳,苹果烂在了地里。李书记来了,干劲十足,刨了果树搞大棚,全县变成了大菜园,可由于贮运问题,蔬菜倒在了河里。赵书记来了,信心百倍,推倒大棚建小区,全县养起了珍珠鸡,可由于技术问题,鸡仔死了个精光光……。十几年过去了,吉宁县依然在贫困的泥沼中挣扎。干部失望了,农民也绝望了。     

以新农村电气化推动新农村建设——河北省曲周县供电公司新农村电气化村建设侧记

"村里的电线规范了,墙上的电表箱漂亮了,村民们的用电安全了;灯泡变亮了.空调器能用了,生产生活比以前更方便了."     

联合收割机的应用技术

联合收割机是将农作物收割、谷物脱粒在田间一次性作业的农业机械。联合收割机的应用大大降低了农民的劳动强度,提高了工作效率,节约了大量的人力、物力,减少了燃油的消耗,缩短了秋收的劳动时间,增加了农民经济收入。     

基于视觉的采棉机器人机械手定位运动分析

基于机器人的视觉,结合棉花生长的特点和环境,对采棉机械手的运动进行了规划,对目标定位算法进行了设计。提出了"视觉"定位的方法。在研究了末端执行器接近目标的方法基础之上,设计了电路寻迹装置,实现了机械手对目标的寻的控制。     

埋弧焊中的氢对焊缝质量的影响

介绍了焊接氢的来源,指出了焊缝金属中氢的溶解和存在方式,分析了氢对焊缝质量的不利影响,提出了减少焊缝含氢量的对策.     

我又不是向日葵

阳光灿烂的一天,一对情侣上了公交车。他们找到座位坐下后,女孩觉得太阳太晒了,让男友和她换位子。刚换了没多久车拐弯了,女孩又被太阳晒着了,她推了推男友,男友于是又坐回原来的位子。可是一会儿     

基于模糊控制的温室控制系统的研究

温室环境系统是多输入、多输出的复杂系统,很难建立数学模型运用经典控制方法实现控制.而模糊控制无须建立被控对象的数学模型,适合于非线性、时变的系统.为此,介绍了温室控制系统的总体结构,建立了有效的隶属度函数和控制规则,探讨了通过离线建立模糊控制表,使用查表法进行模糊推理,实现了温室内的温度、湿度多因子的模糊控制.采用软件方法实现了模糊控制器的设计,节约了成本,方便了以后对模糊控制器的完善工作;同时使模糊控制器的响应时间大大缩短,满足了实时控制的需要.     

北京市保护性耕作技术推广实践与实施效果分析

经过十几年的发展,北京市建立了比较成熟的保护性耕作技术体系．达到了较高的应用水平。该项技术在北京实现了高产稳产,降低了作业成本,提高了经济效益,且可以减少土壤扬尘对空气的污染．减少了土壤风蚀、水蚀,对改善城市环境和实现农业可持续发展均具有十分重要的作用。分析了北京市保护性耕作推广成功经验、存在的问题和对策建立．为保护性耕作进一步推广提供参考和依据。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.