两系优质杂交早稻香两优68旱直抛高产栽培技术研究

两系杂交稻香两优 6 8旱直抛栽培的抛栽密度、抛栽叶龄与施氮量的试验结果表明 :对于土壤肥力水平中等的田块 ,抛栽密度以 40 .0万～ 45 .0万株 /hm2 基本苗为宜 ,纯氮施用量以 15 0 .0～ 172 .5kg/hm2 为佳 ,以 3.5～ 4.5叶龄抛栽产量较高     

香两优68抛栽高产技术

两系杂交早稻香两优 68抛栽具有早生快发、穗大粒多、产量高的特点。其抛栽高产技术要点为 :培育壮秧、提高抛栽质量、合理管理肥水等。     

C两优系列杂交稻组合生育后期剑叶生理生化特性研究

以汕优63为对照,对4个C两优系列杂交稻组合生育后期剑叶SPAD值、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应产物含量、叶绿素荧光参数、净光合速率及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性进行了分析。C两优系列杂交稻组合的产量比汕优63高16.7%～20.2%。C两优系列杂交稻组合在生育后期剑叶SPAD值、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量较高,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物含量较低;SOD和POD活性齐穗7d后显著高于对照且下降速率缓慢;剑叶叶绿素荧光参数ΦPSII值和qP值随生育进程呈下降趋势,但高于对照,而qN值则随生育进程呈增加趋势,且低于对照;生育后期剑叶净光合速率高。C两优系列杂交稻组合生育后期剑叶衰老缓慢,光合生产能力较强,可能是其高产的生理基础。     

新香优80盘育抛秧栽培技术总结

新香优80在我县已种植6 a,表现出适应性广、抗逆性强、生育期适中、高产稳产.1998年开始作为我县晚稻盘育抛秧栽培的主要组合大面积推广,普获丰收;2000年该组合盘育抛栽面积达到1.53万 hm2,占全县晚稻盘育抛栽面积的76.7%,占该组合种植面积的85.2%,1998-2000年平均产量达7.82～8.26 t/hm2.     

两系杂交晚稻新组合D两优71母本盘育抛栽高产制种技术

D两优71是湖南省贺家山原种场育成的籼型两系杂交晚稻中熟组合,2015年通过湖南省品种审定。介绍了D两优71亲本主要特征特性及制种产量表现,总结了D两优71母本盘育抛栽高产制种技术。     

冷浸田条件下不同类型品种的表现和高产栽培方式研究

2009年在宁乡县、桃源县、永兴县3地冷浸田条件下进行了品种筛选和不同栽培方式的比较试验。结果表明:(1)不同品种在3个地点产量表现基本一致,早稻以陆两优996和陵两优211表现较好,平均产量分别达到5.68 t/hm2和5.28 t/hm2,晚稻以钱优1号、天优华占和丰源优299表现较好,产量分别达到5.08,4.94和4.81 t/hm2;(2)不同栽培方式产量表现地点间不一致。桃源点早稻和晚稻以翻耕移栽和免耕抛栽产量较高,永兴点早稻免耕抛栽产量最高,晚稻以垄厢移栽产量最高,宁乡点早稻和晚稻都以翻耕移栽产量最高。     

新香优80盘育抛秧栽培技术总结

新香优80在我县已种植6a，表现出适应性广、抗逆性强、生育期适中、高产稳产。1998年开始作为我县晚稻盘育抛秧栽培的主要组合大面积推广，普获丰收，2000年该组合盘育抛栽面积达到1．53万hm^2，占全县晚稻盘育抛栽面积的76．7％，占该组合种植面积的85．2％，1998－2000年平均产量达7．82－8．26t/hm^2。     

免耕抛栽水稻源库特性研究

以常耕抛栽水稻为对照,从叶面积大小、剑叶光合速率与衰老、库的大小及源库比率等方面研究了免耕抛栽水稻的源库特性。结果表明,与常耕抛栽水稻相比,免耕抛栽水稻各生育期的叶面积指数和叶片干物质分配比率较大,抽穗后叶片衰老较慢,光合能力强,有利于干物质生产与积累,免耕抛栽水稻的粒叶比较高。因此,免耕抛栽水稻的源库协调能力较强,有利于获得比常耕抛栽水稻更高的产量。     

优质杂交晚稻T优259抛秧高产栽培技术

T优259是湖南农业大学用T98A与新恢复系R259配组育成的优质高产中熟杂交晚稻新组合,2003年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.2003年引进在临湘市源潭镇黄盖村采用软盘育秧抛植栽培示范,2004年全市大面积示范推广450 hm2.根据对示范片和大面积田间调查测产结果,17.5 hm2移栽田平均产量为8.04t/hm2,18.8 hm2抛栽田平均产量为7.77t/hm2,取得了良好的示范推广效果.T优259已被该市确定为晚稻抛秧和移栽两用的主推组合.     

播种量对杂交早籼稻株两优831作直播栽培产量的影响

采用大区对比试验方式,探讨了播种量对杂交早籼稻株两优831作直播栽培产量的影响。结果表明,株两优831产量随播种量的增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,22.5 kg/hm2是其适宜的播种量。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。