假俭草种源抗寒性鉴定及其变异分析

为了进一步鉴定和发掘假俭草抗寒遗传资源,为假俭草抗寒育种和遗传研究提供材料和有价值的信息,本研究采用电解质渗透法对搜集的有代表性的110份假俭草种源进行了抗寒性鉴定。结果表明,我国假俭草不同种源之间的抗寒性存在较大变异,它们的半致死温度的变异范围为-2.55℃～-8.01℃,极差为5.46℃,平均半致死温度为-4.89℃,变异系数为18.01%;进一步对假俭草的半致死温度与地理因子（纬度,经度和海拔）进行了回归分析,结果发现假俭草的半致死温度与纬度,经度和海拔均无线性关系;根据假俭草的半致死温度进行系统聚类分析,可以将110份假俭草种源分为3个类群。     

Variation of AI tolerance in the germplasm resources of centipedegrass in China

以美国引进的常用品种‘Common’假俭草和目前最耐铝的假俭草品种'TifBlair'为对照品种,采用小容积营养液培养法对选用来自中国13个省份的51份假俭草种质资源耐铝性进行评价.结果表明,1500μmol/L的铝(AlCl3·6H2O)胁迫下假俭草种源间的生长存在显著差异,其中相对根系干重、相对地上部分干重、相对全株干重的变异系数分别为20.55％,15.62％和15.52％.采用隶属函数值的方法对供试材料的耐铝性划分5个等级,处于1～3级的(较耐铝种源)共21个,占总数的39.6％.处于第4级的(中间型)共19个,占总数的35.9％,处于第5级的(铝敏感种源)共13个,占总数的24.5％.其中'Common'假俭草和耐铝的'TifBlair'假俭草属于中间类型,这说明中国假俭草种源的耐铝性存在很大的开发潜力.     

不同土壤基质对峨眉假俭草抗寒性的影响

以峨眉假俭草为材料,种植在石骨质土、紫色土、垃圾、河滩土、粗砂5种不同的基质上.采用随机区组设计,研究不同基质对峨眉假俭草抗寒性的影响.结果表明,以河滩土为土壤基质种植的峨眉假俭草抗寒性最强,采用电导率法测得半致死温度(LT50)最低,9月为-2.74℃,1月下旬为-5.65℃.抗寒性与田间绿色期的观测相一致.     

假俭草抗寒性状与低温胁迫响应EST分子标记的关联分析

为深入研究抗寒分子机理以及为分子标记辅助育种奠定基础,以具有代表性的96份种源为材料,利用假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)抗寒品种TifBlair低温诱导后所得的EST及其近缘种高粱NCBI中低温胁迫响应的EST开发分子标记,对假俭草抗寒指标LT₅₀观测值和EST分子标记位点进行关联分析.结果表明:开发的17对引物在假俭草群体共扫描到46个多态遗传位点,其中CINAU114-900,CINAU115-1500和CINAU116-400位点与抗寒指标LT₅₀有显著关联,其表型变异的解释率分别为5.10%, 4.04%和4.59%;其LT₅₀表型效应分别为0.2518℃,-0.3121℃和0.2449℃.CINAU114-900和CINAU116-400位点提高假俭草对低温的敏感性,而CINAU115-1500位点可提高其抗寒性.     

假俭草铝耐性和敏感种源在酸铝土上的生长差异及生理响应

在前期实验中利用水培法对48份假俭草种源进行耐铝鉴定基础上,本实验采用土培法研究了5份耐铝假俭草种源和5份铝敏感假俭草种源在酸铝土壤上的生长以及活性氧系统的差异。结果表明,在酸铝土壤上生长28d后,2类型种源所测的6个生长指标中,除了株高外均存在显著差异,耐性种源的根长、发根数、根系体积、分支数、匍匐茎长度平均减少了16.4%,23.9%,37.3%,26.7%和18.3%,敏感种源这5个生长指标平均减少了34.4%,53.8%,51.5%,52.6%和47.9%。生长的动态变化的分析结果表明,耐性种源在酸铝土壤上可以保持较高的生长速率。酸铝胁迫引起假俭草体内超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛含量增加,敏感种源增加幅度较大,诱导SOD、POD活性的增加,耐性种源增加幅度较大,说明假俭草可以通过提高体内的SOD、POD酶活性来缓解铝毒害,耐铝假俭草的代谢酶活性对铝胁迫更为迅速。     

假俭草体细胞抗寒突变体的获得及其SRAP分子鉴定

假俭草抗寒性差是限制其广泛应用的主要因素之一。本研究目标是以优良假俭草选系E-126为材料,经低温诱导和筛选获得体细胞抗寒突变体。结果表明,假俭草种子诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养的过程中,经0℃的低温条件下培养26 d,获得了2块存活的愈伤组织,该愈伤组织经过继代增殖后,进行分化、生根和移栽,获得株系1和株系2。苗期外部形态观察结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1、株系2和对照在叶色、叶毛、叶长和叶宽上均没有显著性差异。半致死温度分析结果表明,株系1、株系2以及对照叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)分别为-6.646,-6.546和-5.351℃,处理与对照之间差异显著,且都低于对照,但株系1和株系2之间无显著性差异。SRAP的结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1和株系2在110,230以及240 bp处均存在相同特征带,表明假俭草体细胞突变体植株的变异稳定且在分子水平与对照存在差异,但株系1和株系2无差异。因此,株系1和株系2可作为同一体细胞抗寒突变体株系加以利用。     

假俭草杂种F1抗寒性遗传分析

本研究选用抗寒性存在差异的假俭草品种E142和E022为亲本配制杂交组合,获得了杂种F₁群体;利用电解质渗透法对F₁群体及其亲本进行抗寒性鉴定,利用植物主基因+多基因遗传分离分析方法分析假俭草抗寒性遗传特征。结果表明,1) 杂种F₁群体不同单株间的抗寒变异较大,变异范围为－9.63～－1.45℃,变异系数为-29.27%。2)F₁群体的抗寒性呈连续的混合正态分布,符合植物主基因+多基因遗传模型。3)假俭草的抗寒性状最适遗传模型为B-1,即抗寒性状受2对主基因加性－显性－上位性控制,主基因的遗传率为91.28%。本研究明确了假俭草抗寒性状的遗传规律,为假俭草抗寒育种提供了科学依据,也为假俭草抗寒育种创造了材料。     

中国假俭草种质资源耐铝性变异分析

 以美国引进的常用品种‘Ｃｏｍｍｏｎ’假俭草和目前最耐铝的假俭草品种‘ＴｉｆＢｌａｉｒ’为对照品种,采用小容积营养液培养法对选用来自中国１３个省份的５１ 份假俭草种质资源耐铝性进行评价。结果表明,１５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的铝（ＡｌＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ）胁迫下假俭草种源间的生长存在显著差异,其中相对根系干重、相对地上部分干重、相对全株干重的变异系数分别为２０．５５％,１５．６２％和１５．５２％。采用隶属函数值的方法对供试材料的耐铝性划分５个等级,处于１～３级的（较耐铝种源）共２１个,占总数的３９．６％,处于第４级的（中间型）共１９个,占总数的３５．９％,处于第５级的（铝敏感种源）共１３个,占总数的２４．５％。其中‘Ｃｏｍｍｏｎ’假俭草和耐铝的‘ＴｉｆＢｌａｉｒ’假俭草属于中间类型,这说明中国假俭草种源的耐铝性存在很大的开发潜力。     

暖季型草坪草不同营养器官耐寒力的动态变化

于2008年10月-2009年5月,应用改良电导法测定模拟低温处理下3种暖季型草坪草(兰引3号结缕草Zoysia japonica Lanyin No.3、阳江狗牙根Cynodon dactylon Yangjiang、假俭草E126Eremochloaophiuroides E126)的叶片、地上茎和地下茎电解质渗透率的变化,并拟合Logistic方程求冰冻半致死温度(LT50),比较分析3种暖季型草坪草LT50季节性动态变化以及不同营养器官间的抗寒性差异。结果表明,随着田间气温季节变化,3种暖季型草坪草的叶片、地上茎和地下茎的LT50呈现出先降低后升高的趋势,且兰引3号结缕草地下茎、阳江狗牙根地下茎、假俭草E126地上茎表现出较强的耐低温能力。通过LT50的动态变化分析并结合田间物候期观测,发现兰引3号结缕草抗寒性最强,假俭草E126次之,阳江狗牙根最差。     

假俭草杂交试验初报(简报)

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.)Hack.)起源于中国中部和南部,以养护水平低、容易建植、耐贫瘠且病虫害少而著称,是国外公认的中国最好的暖季型草坪草,所以又称为“中国草坪草”(Chinese lawn grass)^[1]。虽然假俭草主要分布在中国,而且我国的东部和南部很可能是假俭草的起源中心^[2],但它真正得到深入研究和广泛应用的国家却是美国。江苏省中国科学院植物研究所自1993年起就开始了假俭草种源的收集工作,并对其进行了初步评价。结果表明,不同种源的假俭草在茎色、柱头色泽、花药色泽、匍匐茎长、草层高度、叶长、以及单位小花数和种子产量上都存在丰富的变异^[3、4]。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.