降雨影响酿酒葡萄优选品系“LHN55”的成熟度

<正>据《北方园艺》2015年第19期《降雨对酿酒葡萄优选品系"LHN55"成熟度的影响》(作者马艳儿等)报道,酿酒葡萄的成熟进程以及风味物质的积累,受到成熟期日照、气温和降雨等气候因素的影响。2014年葡萄成熟季陕西杨凌地区出现长时间持续性降雨,为调查降雨对不同酿酒葡萄品种的影响差异提供了契机。该试验于2013年和2014年对比了杨凌地区2个酿酒葡     

上海荔枝低价特卖沪郊桑葚上市销售旺

本刊讯 “六一”儿童节之后，申城荔枝价格一路走低，来自海南的妃子笑荔枝批发价仅11元／kg，而新近上市的广东黑叶荔枝只卖4元／kg。之所以造成刚上市的荔枝低价卖，这除了气温升高不利于荔枝贮藏消费之外，一个很重要的原因是，不利气候影响，荔枝质量上不去，从而抑制了消费。     

栽培红花生长期土壤微生物与土壤理化因子动态

对红花（Carthamus tinctorius）生长期土壤微生物群落结构及其与土壤微环境营养元素、理化性质间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,微生物总数表现为伸长期>种子成熟期>莲座期>花期;红花莲座期-伸长期放线菌、真菌数量均呈上升趋势,伸长期-花期细菌、真菌数量极显著（P<0.01）下降,花期-种子成熟期3种微生物类群数量（种植2年样地）再次呈现上升趋势。主成分分析和相关性分析结果显示,莲座期,速效磷、电导率共同影响微生物生长;伸长期,土壤营养元素含量是影响红花土壤微生物数量的关键因素;种子成熟期,影响因子变为有机质、土壤含水量、pH值,放线菌与有机质和速效磷存在负相关关系。试验表明,随着红花生长期的推进,其土壤微生物数量、土壤理化性质发生了变化。     

环青海湖北岸草甸化草原植物群落与气候因子的关系

通过对青海湖北岸草甸化草原植物群落生长发育变化规律与气候因子进行相关分析,揭示了影响该地区草地植物群落特征的关键气候因子,为当地合理利用草地和提高单位面积产草量以及应对气候变化提供科学依据。结果表明,随着全球气候的逐年变暖,青海湖北岸地区的气温和降水量也有逐年升高的趋势,同时,伴随着蒸发量的增大和日照时数的减少,牧草的一些生物学特征也随之发生了改变,表现在牧草返青期、抽穗期、开花期和种子成熟期逐年提前,而牧草黄枯期却逐年延迟,牧草高度和地上生物量也呈现出逐年升高的趋势;对牧草来说,年均蒸发量主要影响牧草的高度,而年降水量则更大程度上影响着牧草的产量,生长期长短则主要与日照时数有关。     

播量与行距对扁穗冰草不同物候期植株高度的影响

为了研究不同播量与行距对扁穗冰草植株高度的影响,在其不同物候期对其植株高度进行了测定,结果表明,扁穗冰草孕穗期高度A1B2处理下植株最高,A2B1处理下植株高度最低。扁穗冰草在抽穗期、花期和完熟期时A1B3处理下植株高度最低,抽穗期A1B2处理下植株高度最高,花期和完熟期时A1B1处理下植株高度最高,并且9种处理间植株高度在0.05水平上差异不显著。随着扁穗冰草物候期的变化,各处理下扁穗冰草植株的高度逐渐递增,特别是在抽穗期到花期时,扁穗冰草高度增幅最大。     

共和县天然草场植被生物量形成的因子分析

利用灰色关联分析方法,对青海省海南州共和温性草原草地植被生物量与气候因素的关联程度进行了相关分析,以牧草抽穗期和成熟期产量为对照列,以牧草生长期月平均气温、月降水量、月日照时数以及月≥0℃积温为对比列。经分析表明,对共和温性草原牧草抽穗期产量影响最大的气象因子是4月、5月日照时数,4月、5月平均气温及5月≥0℃积温,低温、寡照是制约牧草抽穗期产量形成的气候条件;6～8月温度和积温是影响共和温性草原牧草成熟期产量的主要因子,每年6～8月的温度和积温高低、日照的强弱直接影响成熟期牧草产量的高低。     

2005年广西龙眼蜜增收的气象原因分析

关于龙眼蜜产量的气象影响因素研究还不多见。本文试从气象角度分析2005年龙眼蜜增收的影响因素,发现其主要受制于花芽分化期的气温条件,开花期温度和降雨条件,2005年广西龙眼花芽分化期没有霜害、寒害,但处于相对低温条件;成花期间日照充足;开花期没有小于16℃的气温,大部分时间龙眼产区都在22￣27℃,气温对开花和泌蜜较为适宜。     

7个饲草谷子品种不同生育期不同部位养分分布格局

对江苏地区7个饲草谷子品种在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期茎秆、穗、叶片和全株中的营养成分含量进行测定,结果显示:张杂谷10号、张杂谷13号和大同37的茎秆、叶片和全株中粗蛋白质(CP)含量抽穗期显著高于灌浆期和成熟期(P0.05);赤谷16、张杂谷16、豫谷18和衡饲1号的茎秆、穗和全株中CP含量灌浆期显著高于抽穗期和成熟期(P0.05)。大同37的茎秆中可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量抽穗期和成熟期显著高于灌浆期(P0.05),其它6个品种茎秆中的WSC含量均为成熟期最高;穗中的WSC含量7个参试品种均为成熟期最低;叶中的WSC含量7个参试品种均为抽穗期最低。7个参试品种全株的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均为抽穗期最高。7个参试品种穗和全株的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)抽穗期显著高于成熟期(P0.05)。综合分析表明,供试饲草谷子品种在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期茎秆、穗、叶片和全株中的各营养成分含量差异达显著水平(P0.05),抽穗期张杂谷13号茎秆、穗及全株中的CP含量高于其它品种,NDF和ADF含量显著低于其他品种,品质较好;灌浆期张杂谷16和豫谷18全株中CP含量高于其它品种,NDF含量显著低于其他品种,品质较好。     

配种季节对奶牛受胎率的影响

选取广州市两家大型奶牛场 1998～ 1999年不同配种季节奶牛情期受胎率的原始数据 ,统计分析当年、当地主要气候因素气温和湿度对奶牛受胎率的影响。结果表明 ,奶牛情期受胎率受气温变化影响较大 ,统计的月气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温和月内气温超过 3 0℃的天数等指标 ,与情期受胎率呈强的负相关 ,相关性极显著 ;气湿对情期受胎率的影响不大 ,相关系数只有 - 0 .16,相关性较弱。情期受胎率以冬春的 12～ 3月份最高 ,夏秋季的 6～ 9月份最低     

“桂味”“糯米糍”荔枝的果实成熟特性

正据《中国农学通报》2018年第25期《荔枝果实成熟特性的研究》(作者戴宏芬等)报道,以"糯米糍"和"桂味"2个花期和成熟期较一致的荔枝品种为试验材料,研究荔枝果实的成熟特性。当"桂味"果皮首先开始转黄时,定期测量2种果实的纵横径和果实各部分质量,测定果实     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.