坚持“公正、公平、科学”促进茶产业发展

“中茶杯”全国名优茶评比是由中国茶叶学会名誉理事长陈宗懋院士于1994年开创的。90年代初期由于茶叶出口减少，大宗茶销路不畅，茶叶生产遇到了很大的困难，但名优茶异军突起，产销两旺，取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益，从而对茶叶生产起到保护和支撑作用。为了使名优茶生产取得更大发展，提高茶农生产积极性，促进茶叶生产的持续发展，自1994年至2005年举办了六届全国名优茶评比。举办“中茶杯”的宗旨：一是提高企业的质量意识，引导企业积极采用先进实用技术提升茶叶品质；二是为茶叶企业提供创品牌、提升知名度的机会，促进我国茶叶产业的发展。由于“中茶杯”始终严格保持公正性、公平性，赢得了广大企业的信赖与支持，参赛地区和参评样品逐届增加，影响力不断扩大，六届共有1255家企业，1645只茶样参评，“中茶杯”已成为我国茶叶行业最具权威性的评比活动之一。     

论名优茶的机械化采摘

名优茶生产在我国茶叶产业中处于举足轻重的地位。名优茶可持续发展问题,不仅影响到茶农收入和茶业经济的发展,而且关系到整个茶叶产业的兴衰。改革开放20多年来名优茶生产一直保持快速发展态势,呈现产销两旺的局面,受到行内行外的一致称道。但是,近年来名优茶“采摘难”问题     

“舒城小兰花”系列名优茶采制技术

名优茶是名茶和优质茶的统称,它包括进入流通领域的茶叶优质商品和名牌商品。改革开放20多年来,名优茶生产一直保持快速发展态势,呈现产销两旺的局面。1990年全国名优茶产量1.7万吨,占茶叶总产量3.3%,产值4.3亿元,占茶叶总产值的14.32%;1996年全国名优茶产量9.4万吨,占茶叶总产量15.9%;2000年全国名优茶产量14.4万吨,占茶叶总产量21.1%,产值55.52亿元,占茶叶总产值的62.2%;2005年全国名优茶产量23.0万吨,占茶叶总产量26.4%,产值111.5亿元,占茶叶总产值的72.0%。名优茶生产在我国茶叶产业中已处于举足轻重的地位。名优茶可持续发展,不仅涉及…     

略论加速发展名优茶生产的途径

略论加速发展名优茶生产的途径邹礼仁（湖南省岳阳县黄沙街茶场·岳阳·４１４１００）自８０年代末期大宗茶叶滞销以来，发展名优茶已成了当今茶叶生产的新潮流，名目繁多的名优茶如雨后春笋般地在各地出现。国内名优茶市场日趋活跃，竞争十分激烈。竞争的中心是将茶叶“...     

2001年茶叶经济形势分析

一、2001年国内茶叶产销形势 (一)国内茶叶生产情况 2001年是我国茶叶生产发展较为健康的一年，主要体现在：一是茶叶作为经济效益较好的作物之一普遍受到重视，茶园面积增加，茶园素质也得到提高；二是茶叶的结构继续得到调整，名优茶持续得到发展；三是无公害茶、有机茶生产成为大家的共识，各地都在积极创造条件发展无公害茶生产。为了促进无公害茶的生产，农业部正式颁布了《无公害茶叶》行业标准，并规定从2001年10月1日起开始正式执……     

论发展名优茶的重点转移

我国茶叶经济发展到80年代末，兴起了一股“名优茶热”。进入90年代，我国名优茶发展速度很快。1990年全国名优茶产量为1．7万t，占茶叶总产量的3．2％，名优茶产值4．3亿元，占茶叶总产值的14．32％;1993年全国名优茶产量达3．6万t，占茶叶总产量的6％，名优茶产值达10．...     

谈梅州发展名优茶的思考

自20世纪80年代中期我国茶产业结构进行调整,名优茶取代大宗茶成为产业支柱,尤其是最近20年以来,名优茶产业得到了快速发展.根据农业部种植业管理司统计,2011年全国茶园面积234.4万hm2,茶叶产量155.7万t,毛茶总产值728.9亿元,其中名优茶产量67.6万t,约占茶叶总产量的43.4％,名优茶产值560.3亿元,约占总产值的76.9％,名优茶在我国茶产业发展中占举足轻重的地位.尤其在浙江省,名优茶产值甚至占总产值的92.0％,可见发展名优茶带来巨大的经济效益.     

名优茶品牌问题及其原产地标记策略

我国名优茶自20世纪80年代后期开始得到了快速发展。1990年名优茶产量为2．59万t，产值6．32亿元。2003年名优茶产量达到20万t．产值70多亿元，分别占总产量的24．32％，占总产值的三分之二强。名优茶产量特别是产值的迅速增长．极大地活跃了国内茶叶市场，促进了茶叶经济的快速发展。各地名优茶产业的兴起，带动了无性系茶树良种的推广应用，形成了“良种-名茶-效益”的良好发展势态。十几年来，各地发展的名优茶琳琅满目。     

我省名优茶产销形势分析与发展对策

进入20世纪90年代,我省茶叶生产步入低谷。为了走出困境,上级政府部门找出了一条大力发展名优茶的有效途径。我省名优茶经过90年代的大发展,花色品种琳琅满目,产量持续增长,产值不断增加,质量不断优化,茶农增收,财政增税。名优茶的发展对我省茶叶生产确实起到了较大的支撑作用。但是,我省名优茶仍具有相当大的发展空间,跟兄弟省比较还存在一定的距离。因此,加快发展我省特色名优茶,打造湖南茶叶产业新优势,对新时期发展我省茶叶生产具有重要意义。     

名优茶机械化采摘注意事项

我国20多年来名优茶的发展有力地推动了茶产业的发展。然而目前名优茶的生产遭遇了采摘难的瓶颈问题，特别是在浙江省等经济比较发达的地区，许多茶叶生产企业由于采摘工不足而导致了茶叶生产成本大幅增加，企业经济效益也因此受到了制约。因此名优茶生产中推行机械化采摘，解决名优茶采摘难问题已成了当前名优茶生产的一项紧迫任务。由于名优茶对原料嫩度要求很高，其鲜叶采摘标准比大宗茶要严格，这就使名优茶实行机械化采摘有较大的难度，但只要掌握了名优茶机械化采摘技术及配套措施，名优茶机采完全是可行的。现将名优茶机采关键技术分述如下。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。