稻壳灰处理印染废水效果研究

研究了稻壳灰在不同条件下(不同投加量、不同p H值、不同振荡吸附时间)对印染废水的处理效果,并在最佳测试条件下,测试了稻壳灰对废水中污染物的去除效率和污染物达标排放情况。结果表明,当稻壳灰投加量为80 g/L、不改变投加后废水p H、吸附振荡时间为20 min时,稻壳灰对COD为1517 mg/L、SS为726 mg/L、色度为845的印染废水中COD去除效率为90.2%、SS去除效率为89.4%、色度去除效率为99.3%;处理后废水中污染物浓度显著降低,COD浓度均值为149 mg/L、SS浓度均值为77 mg/L、色度为6,污染物达标排放。稻壳灰处理印染废水具有较好的去污效果。     

台湾对三废处理的实验研究

台湾糖业研究所是台湾糖业公司属下的两个研究所之一,近年来,集中力量研究:酵母生产废液和酒精废醪液的处理和重复使用;应用固氮菌、木质素吸附菌和产生絮凝剂的细菌处理蔗渣生产废水和糖厂废水;开发和推广兼性充气工艺处理猪场废水和糖厂废水等等。下面是这些年来的研究成果,其大多数已经在各个生产单位成功推广应用。     

不同大孔吸附树脂处理天然橡胶加工废水的研究

研究5种大孔吸附树脂(ADS-7、ADS-17、超高交联树脂、聚酰胺树脂和酚醛型交换树脂)对天然橡胶鲜胶乳凝固废水和浓缩胶乳离心废水的处理效果。橡胶废水经过预处理后使用树脂柱吸附，检测经不同树脂吸附后废水COD、总氮及总磷的变化。结果表明：经树脂吸附后，天然橡胶加工废水各项指标都有所降低，其中用ADS-17树脂的处理效果最好，可将鲜胶乳凝固废水的COD、总氮、总磷分别从30.0 g/L、7.3和3.3 mg/L降低到15.0 g/L、6.0和1.1 mg/L；将浓缩胶乳离心废水的COD、总氮、总磷分别从2     

树脂及活性碳吸附技术回收大豆乳清中的异黄酮和低聚糖

对用树脂及活性碳吸附方法回收大豆乳清废水中的大豆异黄酮和低聚糖进行了研究。测定了树脂及活性碳吸附饱和曲线，研究了异黄酮和低聚糖的洗脱条件，建立了该法处理大豆乳清废水回收大豆异黄酮和精制大豆低聚糖的工艺。结果表明：处理1t废水，约可回收40%的大豆异黄酮130g，精制大豆低聚糖浆9kg，并将乳清废水的COD和BOD分别由13600和7800降至960和340。本法处理乳清废水可创造良好的经济效益。     

制糖废水生化处理节水综合治理与实践

介绍明阳糖厂制糖废水生化处理和节水工程技改以及应用效果。经综合治理后，榨季COD排放总量由原来的686．9吨降低到20．5吨，降幅97％，外排废水COD平均值为22mg／L，远低于国家规定的排放标准（100re#L），水重复利用率达99．98％，生产过程实现零取水。     

糖厂吨糖COD零排放的探讨与实践

简要介绍甘蔗制糖废水闭合循环使用及吨糖COD零排放的实践。     

甘蔗糖厂洁净生产方法

1前言甘蔗糖厂的污染主要有废水、废气及废渣的污染。过去几年经过很多人的努力,污染程度减小了许多,但距洁净生产还有很远的距离。废水的种类及目前的处理方法:一是酒精生产排放的废醪液(COD100000mg/L左右,pH4.0左右),日榨1000吨甘蔗的糖厂每天约有150吨废醪液。有的厂直接排放;有的厂做成液体肥给农业用;有的厂采用氧化塘法,雨季来时,随洪水冲走;有的厂生产单细胞蛋白后再排放;有的厂采用大型工业沼气工程处理后排放;有的厂采用浓缩后燃烧;有的厂用于锅炉烟道气冲灰后排放;也有的厂采用废醪液回流复用发酵,之后处理排放等等。二是洗滤布水(COD6000mg/L左右,pH7.0左右),清洁冲地板水,洗罐水,日榨1000吨甘蔗的糖厂每天有200多吨这种废水。这部分废水,多数厂是直接排放的。废气主要是烟囱排放的烟气,目前多数厂采用水膜除尘,烟气是白色的水雾气,没有大的污染。三是冷却用水,这部分水,量大直接排放不会有污染。四是滤泥,对碳酸法糖厂来讲,滤泥量大,碱性,确实有污染,大厂把滤泥用于作制水泥的原料,可以消除其污染,小厂及中等规模的厂,对这部分滤泥确实是个难题。下面谈谈本人的看法。2洁净生产洁净生产指的是生产...     

生物助剂对造纸废水处理效果影响的研究

造纸废水是水体污染的一个重要来源，国内外处理造纸废水的方法多种多样，但是到目前为止还缺乏经济实用的有效技术，本研究结合造纸工业废水的特点和SBR生物技术在处理造纸废水的优势，讨论TSBR生物技术处理造纸废水的运行机理和工艺操作过程，证明了SBR技术处理造纸废水具有很好的发展前景和趋势。     

包埋厌氧氨氧化同步脱硫除氮菌B16对天然橡胶加工废水的处理研究

天然橡胶加工废水具有水质、水量变化大的特点,冲击负荷下厌氧生物处理通常效果不佳。针对这一问题,利用海藻酸钙（SA）、聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合材料对本实验室筛选到的同步脱硫除氮菌B16进行包埋,利用包埋固定化后的菌处理天然橡胶加工废水。结果表明：14 d后包埋菌株对实际废水氨氮、总氮及硫酸盐的去除效果分别为44.05％、46.29％和26.06％,并且氨氮去除速率最高可达110.59 mg/（L·d）,硫酸盐平均去除速率为13.8 mg/（L·d）,均高于游离菌株。包埋小球存在一个物料内外传递的时间差,可提供细菌对环境变化适应的一个缓冲的时间,使得包埋固定化后的菌对于水质的变化具有更好的适应性,非常适用于处理天然橡胶加工废水。     

膜分离技术处理茶叶废水的研究

茶叶提取茶多酚后所产生的废水中有机物含量高,难以直接用生化法处理。首先采用超滤技术对茶叶废水进行浓缩,以除去胶体等大分子物质,滤液再经反渗透处理可除去小分子溶质。分别考察了操作时间以及膜污染清洗对超滤膜和反渗透膜水通量的影响,并对各阶段浓缩液及滤液的理化性质进行了比较分析。     

Treatment of potato processing wastewaters by activated carbon adsorption process

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of degrees of pretreatment, types of activated carbons, dosages of activated carbons on the organic removal rates of potato processing wastewaters using the activated carbon adsorption process. Primary treated effluents, and secondary treated effluents using activated sludge and powdered activated carbon activated sludge processes were used as adsorbate in this study. Two types of activated carbon used consisted of granular activated carbon, Nuchar WV-L, and powdered activated carbon, Nuchar S-C, in dosages varied from 0.25 to 4 g per 50 ml of wastewater. Results indicated that activated sludge treatment removed 86–96% of COD from primary settled wastewaters. Activated sludge followed by activated carbon adsorption treatment removed 97% COD from primary settled wastewater with an effluent COD of 24 mg/1. Powdered activated carbon was more effective than granular activated carbon in removing COD from activated sludge treated effluents.     

Removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate in an intermittent cycle extended aeration system

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of an anionic surfactant from wastewater in ICEAS. The surfactant considered here was anionic SDS being widely used in the household and industrial detergents. Basic wastewater COD was 260 mg L(-1) and SDS surfactant added in range 20 to 400 mg L(-1). The effect of the inlet SDS concentration and reaction time on COD and SDS removal was investigated. The results from this study indicated that the aeration time of 2 h was sufficient for removal of SDS ranged 20 to 400 mg L(-1). Obtained data showed low effluent SDS concentrations of 0.3 to 5 mg L(-1) and removal of SDS was more than 98%. These results revealed that biological treatment using ICEAS process is capable to treating wastewaters containing high concentration of SDS surfactant.     

Acclimated biomass that degrades Sulfonated Naphthalene Formaldehyde Condensate

A number of aerobic species were isolated from textile industry activated sludge wastewater. The bacterial consortium was acclimated during seven days before testing its capacity of Sulfonated Naphthalene-Formaldehyde Condensate (SNFC) recalcitrant compound degradation. SNFC's degradation was evaluated by using different techniques including: vapour pressure osmometry, spectroscopy UV-Visible and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The degradation of SNFC by acclimated bacterial consortium was determined by monitoring the decrease of absorbance and of COD at wavelength 288 nm. We were able to deduce that biodegradation of SNFC involves two steps: cleavage of CH2 bridges and the degradation of the aromatic nuclei. The bacteria species community that was able to degrade SNFC consisted of aerobic Gram-negative rods belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family. The strains were identified as Bukholderia cepacia, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralostonia picketti, Shewanella putrefaciens, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Agrobacterium radiobacter.     

Bleaching of Hemp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cannabis Sativa</Emphasis> L.) Fibers with Peracetic Acid for Textiles Industry Purposes

Hemp plant exhibits various eco-friendly properties and hemp fiber processing does not cause environmental damage, however, it is known that most chemical operations have a risk to interrupt a sustainable production. As stated in several studies, peracetic acid is an important environmental friendly bleaching agent when compared to its conventional competitors. In this study, hemp fabric was bleached with peracetic acid with exhaustion and padding methods. The effects of temperature, pH, process time, concentration on whiteness values were determined. The influences of bleaching processes were investigated via instrumental and imaging methods. Physical properties of the treated fibers were also tested. Besides peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide bleaching was carried out for comparison. COD values of bleaching effluents were analyzed for selected samples. Higher whiteness values were obtained with exhaustion bleachings than pad-batch bleachings. Quite high whiteness values (up to 68.13 Stensby whiteness index) attained in peracetic acid without significant fiber damage.     

橡胶初加工废水污染土壤的微生物固定化修复

橡胶初加工废水产生大量富含高有机质,并具有高粘度、酸性和高有机物等特点。因其处理成本较高且经常存在厌氧处理失效导致后端废水处理不达标、甚至有较多废水直接排出而污染了周边土壤,但目前对于橡胶初加工废水污染土壤的危害及修复关注度不够。前期从天然橡胶加工厂附近的受污染土壤中分离和驯化出了一种以芽孢杆菌为优势菌属的高效降解菌群命名为WR-2。WR-2在橡胶初加工废水降解方面表现出优异的性能,但在应用上WR-2需要一定的准备期及环境适应期。因此,本研究采用包埋法,以海藻酸钠–木薯渣生物质炭、甘蔗渣、椰糠3种载体材料及1.5%、2%两种材料浓度下进行固定化小球制备实验,同时进行橡胶初加工废水中典型的胶清废水污染土壤的固定化小球模拟修复实验,研究WR-2的包埋固定化基础性能及其生物修复能力。经过6组固定化微球在机械性能和对污染土壤的修复效果方面比较发现,2%椰糠改良固定化微球不仅具有较优良的机械性能,在模拟修复实验中对污染土壤的有机质（TOC）降解率高达（96.7%）,土壤二硫化四甲基秋兰姆（TMTD）在14 d全部降解,且使土壤pH从4.42调节至中性,土壤阴阳离子总数降低并具有良好的微生物活性。2%椰糠固定化小球极大地改善了土壤微观结构及土壤通气性和排水性。因此,海藻酸钠2%椰糠作为WR-2的固定化小球制备方式,对优化橡胶初加工废水污染土壤的生物修复能力具有效果优和即时应用的作用。     

Incorporation of aliphatic units into aromatic water-soluble polyesters to improve the performances for warp sizing

Aliphatic units (ethylene succinate) were incorporated into aromatic water-soluble polyesters (WSP) in order to improve their environmental protection and sizing performances. The environmental performance was measured in terms of biological oxygen demand for 5 days (BOD₅) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Apparent and intrinsic viscosities, the adhesion to polyester fibers, glass transition temperature, and mechanical behavior of sizing films of WSP were evaluated for improving their sizing performance. The composition of copolymeric WSP was also investigated by ¹H-NMR. A series of copolymeric WSP with a variation in molar ratio of aliphatic monomer (dimethyl succinate) to aromatic monomer (dimethyl terephthalate) from 10:90 to 40:60 was synthesized through a two-step reaction, transesterification and polycondensation. It was found that, by incorporating aliphatic units into the macromolecular chain of aromatic WSP, the environmental performance, apparent and intrinsic viscosities, and the toughness of sizing film were enhanced obviously. The adhesion to polyester fibers showed no sensitivity to the molar ratio of dimethyl succinate to dimethyl terephthalate when the ratio ranged from 10:90 to 30:70. In view of overall performance of the aliphatic-containing WSP sizes, the molar ratio should be 30:70. Based on the ratio, the WSP prepared showed better environmental and sizing performances.     

Ammonia volatilization from Vietnamese acid sulfate paddy soil following application of digested slurry from biogas digester

Paddy and Water Environment - In some areas of Vietnam, digested slurry from biogas digesters is discharged into canals without wastewater treatment. In order to reduce environmental pollution,...     

甘蔗定量施用糖厂酒精废液试验初报

为了探讨通过把新鲜的酒精废液直接定量在蔗田施用而达到消除环境污染和变废为宝降低甘蔗生产成本的双重目的,于2005年在广西甘蔗研究所良种繁殖基地采用不同量酒精废液进行新植、宿根试验。据新植、宿根实产结果统计,施用酒精废液45t/hm2、75t/hm2、105t/hm2处理的甘蔗产量平均分别为95.43t/hm2、99.13t/hm2、98.81t/hm2,分别比不施肥对照(CK1,下同)处理增产12.19%、16.54%和16.17%,分别比常规施肥处理(CK2,下同)的增产8.69%、12.90%和12.54%。蔗糖分分析结果,施用酒精废液45t/hm2、75t/hm2、105t/hm2处理(11月至次年元月)共3次甘蔗蔗糖分平均为14.41%、14.44%和14.22%,分别比CK1提高0.26%、0.29%和0.06%,分别比CK2降低0.41%、0.38%和0.61%(绝对值)。这些结果初步表明新鲜的酒精废液直接定量在蔗田上施用是可行的,尤以75t/hm2的处理效果最好。