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d/3+ET、d/4+ET等刺激采胶技术是天然橡胶采胶技术发展史上的革命性技术创新。新的割胶制度通过使用刺激剂减少割次,保持原有的干胶产量水平,而达到大幅度提高胶工劳动定额、提高劳动生产率、降低割胶成本、提高经济效益的目的。多年来,景洪农场坚持科学技术是第一生产力的思想,依靠科技进步,在橡胶生产的各环节推广先进技术,加强生产技术管理,提高橡胶生产科技含量,发展橡胶生产,使大面积橡胶生产实现了持续高产、稳产,推动了农场经济健康、稳步地发展。1998年,景洪农场在云南垦区率先推行橡胶树割制改革,采用高产高效新割制… 相似文献
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阐述云南民营橡胶质量管理现状,提出在民营橡胶业中应用ISO9000标准,建立、健全质量管理体系,积极开展第三方的质量认证,加强产品质量检验、计量管理、技术档案管理等基础管理,加强人才培训,提高技术水平。 相似文献
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墨江县橡胶场经过两年实践证明,新割制很好地解决了生产季节胶粮争劳力的矛盾,是提高民营橡胶农村劳动生产率的最佳途径。1 割制改革势在必行我场自1993年投产以来,常因胶价波动、劳力紧张等原因,形成了农闲割胶农忙停割和人员未经培训就上树位割胶的生产状态,使产量不稳定,加工厂达不到设计的生产能力,加上胶园分散,开割率低,长期不能生产一级胶,导致最终经济效益低下。1998年开始新割制的试点,1999年在33hm2面积的22个岗位上推广新割制,即s/2d/4 ET(1%~1.5%) CRM0.5%(m/2),从5月1日至10月20日每12d涂药1次,全年共14次… 相似文献
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影响河口橡胶产量的气候因子分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
<正> 本文试图通过河口垦区各气候因子与橡胶产量的相关分析,找出影响河口垦区橡胶产量的主要气候因子,以便在指导和安排割胶生产中,根据各气候要素的变化,合理安排割胶生产,抓死有效刀,不割或少割低效刀,趋利避害,把割胶生产逐步建立在科学的基础上,从而夺取橡胶的高产稳产,获取最大的经济效益。 一、资料的选择 相似文献
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勐腊县民营天然橡胶种植面积占全县橡胶种植面积的46.47%,成为勐腊县农业经济发展的支柱产业和农民经济收入的主要来源,但目前存在着生产技术水平低、科技服务滞后等问题。民营橡胶产业需要加以科学引导和扶持,加强胶农专业技术培训,提高胶农技术素质,特别是应以农垦的植胶经验和科学管理为其技术支撑体系,才能更好地发挥民营胶业的经济优势,促进胶业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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回顾云南民营橡胶业从1964年始创至今30余年的发展历程;简述了发展过程中存在的宜林地选择和技术力量薄弱、未能形成民营橡胶业技术支撑体系等重大问题,并提出发展建议。 相似文献
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阐述了科学发展、又好又快地建设天然橡胶企业,西双版纳民营天然橡胶产业的现状、存在的问题,指出要依靠科技进步,与国营农场合作,推广优良品种,推广新割制,加强技术的培训,加快人才培养,才能实现民营橡胶业的科学发展。 相似文献
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Tapping-tree density in rubber plantations affects the production of dry rubber. Farmers can estimate rubber productivity when they know with certainty the number of tapping trees within a plantation and can therefore increase productivity through optimized planting schematics. Historical data on planting distance between trees and between rows, planting density (trees/ha) and tapping-tree density (number of trees under tapping for latex harvest per hectare) from 1952 to 2014 have been collected for plantations in the Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of South China. A plantation survey was conducted to collect more detailed data on current tapping tree and planting densities in various plantations in the three provinces. Planting density and row spacing are found to have increased with rubber tree planting time and plant spacing to have declined from 1952 to 2014. Tapping-tree density of rubber plantations from 1955 to 1995 in South China ranges from 270 to 345 tree/ha, averaging 300 trees/ha. Strong typhoons and cold snaps are important drivers of fluctuations in tapping-tree density. The factors driving tapping-tree density are similar across the three provinces but the degree of change differs between provinces. Tapping panel dryness (due to tapping beyond the natural limit of the rubber tree productivity), severe wind damage and cold damage are the major factors resulting in loss of tapping trees in plantations in South China. These results suggest that a combination of environmental management for extreme weather and targeted breeding could improve tapping-tree density in rubber plantation and therefore dry rubber yield per unit area. 相似文献
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主要研究了四种割胶制度和两种凝固工艺对天然橡胶硫化特性、力学等性能的影响。结果表明,采用乙酸凝固工艺,低刺激强度、高割胶频率对应的生胶具有较高的门尼粘度、良好的硫化特性和静态力学性能;采用微生物凝固工艺,低刺激强度、低割胶频率对应的生胶具有较好的硫化特性,低割胶频率和低刺激强度对应的生胶分别表现出较高的门尼粘度和较好的静态力学性能。采用相同的割制,微生物凝固对应的生胶具有较高的门尼粘度和较好的静态力学性能,但正硫化时间有所缩短,贮存模量(E’)有所降低,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)有所升高。 相似文献
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Land tenure and farm management efficiency: The case of smallholder rubber production in customary land areas of Sumatra 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
This study assesses the impact of land tenure institutions on the efficiency of farm management based on a case study of rubber
production in customary land areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. Using the modes of land acquisition as measures of land tenure institutions,
we estimated tree planting, revenue, income, and short-run profit functions, and internal rates of return to tree planting
on smallholder rubber fields. We find generally insignificant differences in the incidence of tree planting and management
efficiency (defined as residual profits) of rubber production between newly emerging private ownership and customary ownership.
This is consistent with our hypothesis that tree planting confers stronger individual rights, if land rights are initially
weak (as in the case of family land under customary land tenure systems). On the other hand, short-term profits are higher
on land that is rented through share tenancy. This result indicates that rubber trees are over-exploited under renting arrangements
due partly to the short-run nature of the land tenancy contracts and partly to the difficulty landowners face in supervising
tapping activities of tenants in spatially dispersed rubber fields.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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勐养农场属二类型植胶区,自1999年全面推行新割制和加强技术管理之后,连续6年获大面积高产,平均单产超过1500kg/hm2,平均干胶生产成本下降15%,胶工人均岗位收入增长317%。 相似文献