橡胶树抗旱栽培技术试验示范

抗旱栽培技术的试验与推广应用,是提高天然橡胶种植水平的重要途径之一。本试验示范,对多种抗旱栽培定植技术方法与多种种植材料抗旱定植作试验比较选择,芽接桩苗围洞法辅以示范印证。取得的结果是:芽接桩苗围洞法为优选,籽苗芽接苗常规抗旱定植法、薄膜覆盖+保水剂法为抗旱定植可选之技术方法,建议此三法在生产上推广应用。     

橡胶树老幼态芽条籽苗芽接成活及接穗抽芽差异性分析

以热垦525、RRII105及云研73-477共3个橡胶树无性系老幼态芽条为接穗材料,GT1实生籽苗为砧木进行籽苗芽接,通过统计其芽接成活率、抽芽率、抽生角度及早期生长量等指标,分析老幼态芽条籽苗芽接成活及接穗抽芽的差异性。结果表明:幼态芽条的籽苗芽接成活率显著或极显著高于同一无性系的老态芽条(P0.05,P0.01),均值高达97.80%～100%,较老态芽条高5.02%～7.78%;抽芽率及抽生角度在同一品种老幼态芽条间存在极显著差异(P0.01),砧木打顶50 d时,幼态芽条的抽芽率达68.85%～85.97%,较老态芽条的高10.44%～17.04%,抽生角度为15.21°～18.17°,约为老态芽条的0.39～0.51倍;幼态芽条籽苗芽接苗的生势较老态芽条的好,砧木打顶90 d时,均高和茎粗分别为40.00～46.31 cm和3.75～4.73 mm,较老态芽条的高12.71～14.91 cm,粗0.18～0.99 mm。     

小苗芽接育苗浅谈

<正> 我场自1977年以来,特别是1979年以后,胶苗芽接全系用小苗芽接。此方法的好处是,芽接操作快,耗工少,用料省,成活率高,一次芽接成活率高达95％以上,经补接后可达100％。这样苗木浪费少,出苗整齐,土地利用率高,为大田定植及早提供优质的苗木。小苗芽接,育苗一年,可提供芽接桩,两年提供切干苗。     

澳洲坚果两阶段育苗技术

澳洲坚果常规栽培要3～4a才试花试果,7～8a才进入丰产期。如采用两阶段育苗,改大田小苗定植为大苗移栽,植后2a试花试果,4～5a完全进入丰产期,较常规栽培缩短大     

不同程度木栓化芽条对橡胶树籽苗芽接苗生长的影响

以橡胶树云研77-4当年生3种不同木栓化芽条为试材,研究其在GT1籽苗砧木上芽接的成活率、抽芽率、成苗率等表现,以期进一步优化橡胶树籽苗芽接育苗技术。结果表明,用Ⅰ类芽条(未木栓化,芽片颜色为绿色)进行籽苗芽接,成活率为86.11%,成苗率为90.67%,均显著高于半木栓化和全木栓化芽条,但3种类型芽条在抽芽率及后期生长量上差异较小。     

橡胶树不同类型芽片的嫁接繁殖试验

通过以橡胶树品种云研77-4、云研77-2的不同类型的褐色芽片、绿色芽片芽接试验表明:绿色芽片的芽接成活率和抽芽率明显高于褐色芽片;成活率高达96.3%～98.3%,抽芽率高达98.0%～98.3%,苗圃出苗率为92.4%～96.3%,而褐色芽片的成活率、抽芽率和苗圃出苗率仅为39.6%～42.6%、32.0%～37.0%和12.7%～15.8%。     

油茶不同芽苗砧和接穗对成活率与抽梢率的影响研究

不同砧穗芽苗砧嫁接效果各异,为了更好地提高油茶良种繁育的成活率和苗木质量,设置8个试验组合,以得出更好地砧穗组合.结果表明:砧木带种籽芽接成活率效果最好,均值为87.08%和76.04%,芽接带籽与否成活率差异不大,穗条叶片是否剪切对成活率无显著差异;砧木带种籽芽接与穗条半叶抽梢率效果最好,均值为80.00%,带籽芽接...     

提高橡胶高截干芽接苗成活率试验初报

<正> 鉴于橡胶早投产对经济收益和最终效益的重要性,缩短橡胶非生产期过去已作了不少工作。能达到此目的的方法之一是应用较大的种植材料。其方法是把芽接苗或无性系实生苗在苗圃的时间推迟到18个月或更长,在定植前5或2个星期分别进行切根和截顶。应用这种方法的高截干芽接苗比大田芽接苗在生长快15—18个月。     

提高橡胶树小苗移栽成活率试验

我国橡胶树苗木生产一般采用秋果(8～10月份成熟)育苗,当籽苗长至适当高度时移栽。由于我国植胶区地处热带北缘季风气候区,全年降雨时间分布不匀,60%～90%的降雨量集中在5～11月[1],干湿季明显,冬春旱期长,且常有倒春寒为害,对橡胶树小苗的成活不利,因此橡胶苗圃冬后常有部分苗木死亡。为提高橡胶苗圃苗木的整齐度,翌年春天往往需补苗。而橡胶种子属于不耐干旱和无休眠期的顽拗性种子,不耐低温,也不能干燥,因而寿命短,难以贮藏[2],至翌年春天往往没有种子供培育籽苗。进一步提高橡胶树小苗移栽成活率是一项积极措施,我们特从减少叶片水分蒸…     

多效唑对核桃芽接苗木质化程度影响试验研究

经过试验,初步掌握了核桃芽接苗喷施多效唑的最佳时段和最佳浓度。试验结果表明:在芽接当年8月14-24日,用浓度为400～500mg/L的多效唑喷施核桃芽接苗顶芽和顶部叶片,可适当抑制新稍徒长,显著提高芽接苗木质化程度,使移栽成活率提高28%～34%。     

元宝枫苗木生长性状变异的研究

分别在云南威达元宝枫产业开发有限公司的元宝枫种植基地(位于昆明市晋宁县)的山脊、坡地和平地,对元宝枫1年生和2年生苗木群体的株高、地径及叶片数进行调查和数据分析,结果表明,各苗木群体在此3个生长性状上均存在极丰富的变异。其株高变异系数为47.838%~70.890%,地径变异系数为42.505%~57.497%,叶片数变异系数为60.698%~68.140%。苗木经移栽消除植株的密集生长竞争和环境差异后,该苗木的生长性状依然表现出“优者更优,劣者更劣”的趋势,表明元宝枫苗木生长性状所存在的丰富变异主要是基因型差异造成的。据此,对元宝枫进行早期优株选择是可行的。     

移植时间与方法对福建山樱花成活率和苗木生长的影响

以福建山樱花（Cerasuscampanulata）1a生实生苗为材料,研究了移植时间、叶量及土球对移植成活率和苗木生长的影响。结果表明,移植时间对成活率、地径和苗高生长都有极显著影响,以休眠期移植效果最好,其成活率、地径和苗高均最高,分别为97．07％、1．86cm和1．85m。在抽梢期和生长旺盛期移植时,摘叶移植的成活率为83．80％,是带叶移植的1．18倍,但对地径和苗高生长影响不大;带土球移植的成活率和苗高分别为81．76％和1．55cm,分别是不带土球移植的1．12倍和1．07倍,但地径生长差异不大。福建山樱花苗木移植在休眠期进行最好,其次是萌动期,在抽梢期和生长旺盛期移植,需将叶片全部摘除并带土球。     

Performance of Sesbania sesban infested by the defoliating beetle Mesoplatys ochroptera in Zambia

Developing integrated pest management practices against the defoliating beetle Mesoplatys ochroptera is an important aspect of the adoption of Sesbania sesban as an improved fallow species in southern Africa. The effect of defoliation by M.ochroptera on the growth of S. sesban(provenance Kakamega) was studied during 1998–2000 at Msekera Research Station in eastern Zambia. To determine the relationship between M. ochroptera densities and degree of defoliation, potted seedlings were infested manually with different densities of larvae and adults. Infestation of two to three month old seedlings with 5–30 larvae or adults resulted in less than 20% defoliation. Infestation of seedlings with 90–150 larvae(>3 masses of eggs) led to 80–100% and 50–80% defoliation in two and three months old seedlings, respectively. The time of infestation and degree of defoliation that lead to reduction in growth and biomass were determined using simulated (manual) defoliation of one to three months old S. sesban seedlings. Manual removal of 50–100% of the foliage atone and two months after transplanting (MAP) appeared to reduce plant height, basal diameter, primary branches, leaf and wood biomass compared to that done atthree MAP. Removal of 25–50% of the sesbania foliage three months after transplanting apparently leads to overcompensation. In sesbania, compensatory growth occurred when 25–50% of the leaves were defoliated three months after transplanting. Therefore, farmers need to protect sesbania seedlings from defoliation against insects such as M. ochroptera only during the first two months after transplanting.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

阴生观叶植物试管苗工厂化生产移栽技术研究

根据阴生观叶植物喜阴喜湿的生物学特性,研究了该类植物试管苗移栽前后的一系列配套技术,摸索出了其最佳移栽程序,即苗龄达８０ｄ,苗高１ｃｍ,有４片以上叶子的试管苗先进行３ｄ～１５ｄ闭瓶壮苗培养,再作７ｄ～１０ｄ开瓶炼苗处理,移植于蛭石后定期用３００倍～５００倍百菌清药液和特制营养液进行叶面喷洒,按照此程序进行试管苗移栽,成活率均在９５％以上。     

Role of nitrogen remobilization from old leaves for new leaf growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

Six-month-old Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings were grown in sand culture irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 6.0 mol N m(-3) for 3 months (November-January). Before rapid growth began in February, seedlings were repotted and irrigated with either 6.0 mol N m(-3) (High-N treatment) or 1.0 mol N m(-3) (Low-N treatment). Seedlings were analyzed during the subsequent flush of growth to determine the role of old leaves, and in particular the leaf protein Rubsico, as a source of N for new leaf growth. During spring growth, the N content of old leaves of High-N seedlings decreased with decreasing leaf dry weight, although there was no change in leaf number. In High-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided less than 10% of the N used for new leaf growth, and the new leaves quickly became the dominant sink for N. In contrast, in Low-N seedlings, the net loss of N from old leaves provided 44% of the N used for new leaf growth. During the period of spring growth, the amount of soluble proteins recovered from old leaves of Low-N seedlings dropped, but there was no change in the content of either Rubisco or chlorophyll. The photosynthetic capacity of old leaves remained constant throughout the study period, and there was no evidence that N was remobilized from Rubisco.     

Survival and growth of drought hardened <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus pilularis</Emphasis> Sm. seedlings and vegetative cuttings

Forestry requires low mortality of transplanted seedlings. Mortality shortly after planting is often associated with inadequate hydration of transplants. Seedlings can be hardened to the drought conditions they may experience after transplanting by exposing them to controlled drought conditions in the nursery. Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings were drought hardened by providing nil (severe treatment) or half (mild treatment) the daily irrigation routinely received (control treatment) for up to two non-consecutive days per week during the last 4 weeks of growth in the nursery. Drought hardening reduced stem diameter, seedling leaf area, leaf area per root biomass and seedling quality measured by the Dickson quality index, but increased root:shoot ratio. Hardened seedlings had lower stomatal conductance and leaf water potential on the days they received less irrigation that the control treatment. Hardened seedlings had greater stomatal conductance and were less water stressed than seedlings experiencing drought for the first time indicating hardened seedlings had adjusted physiologically to drought. Survival after transplanting in the controlled drought environment in a glasshouse was enhanced by the hardening treatments. Non hardened seedlings that had had their upper leaves manually removed immediately prior to transplanting to reduce leaf area (top-clipped) had similar survival to hardened seedlings. Stomatal conductance and leaf water potential after transplanting were higher in hardened and top-clipped seedlings than unhardened control seedlings or vegetative cuttings. Survival in the field trial was over 95% for all treatments, possibly as rain fell within 4 days of planting and follow-up rain occurred in the subsequent weeks. Neither the hardened or top-clipped seedlings planted in the field trial had reduced growth, increased propensity to form double leaders or worse stem form than control seedlings when measured at age 3 years.     

日本落叶松无性系造林试验初报

采用日本落叶松35个无性系苗木,另加2a混系扦插苗、2a实生苗、2a实生换床苗及长岭岗林场种子园2a实生苗进行造林试验,以早期选择出适应性强的无性系进行无性系造林并加以推广。试验方法采用完全随机区组排列,5次重复,每重复2排40个小区;小区设置为4株,造林规格2m×2m。7a生长调查结果表明：在胸径、树高生长方面有极显...     

巴东木莲实生苗培育及光合生理特征

开展珍稀树种巴东木莲播种育苗试验,探讨不同移栽季节对幼苗各项形态指标的影响,及不同光照条件对其叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)的影响。结果表明,巴东木莲的种子在自然条件下发芽率低,出苗整齐度良好,幼苗易得立枯病和根腐病;冬季移栽苗的各项形态指标(株高、地茎、冠幅)及成活率均优于夏季移栽苗;光照强度对1年生巴东木莲叶片的各项光合生理指标均有明显的影响。     

龙头竹组培快繁技术研究

试验研究了龙头竹不同外植体类型、不同消毒药剂及消毒时间对组培效果的影响,以及不同炼苗时间、不同育苗基质、不同肥料种类及施肥方式对组培苗移栽成活率和发笋率的影响。结果表明:龙头竹播种苗秆芽是最适合的组培外植体,外植体消毒以0.1%氯化汞、消毒7 min效果最好;组培苗移栽后炼苗9 d,育苗基质宜采用20%蛭石和80%珍珠岩混合基质,移栽15 d后叶面施用0.3%氮磷钾复合肥组培苗生长状况最好。     

Isoprene emission, photosynthesis, and growth in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) seedlings exposed to short- and long-term drying cycles

Isoprene emissions were studied in one-year old sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) seedlings during nine drying-rewatering cycles extending over five months. Each drying cycle lasted to the point of leaf wilting. Growth was essentially stopped in response to the first drying cycle, though seedling survival and capacity to recover turgor on rewatering remained high throughout the entire nine cycles. Photosynthetic rates of leaves were inhibited by the drying treatments. Under severe drought, isoprene emission rates of leaves were also inhibited, though isoprene emission was generally less sensitive to drought than photosynthesis. The lower drought sensitivity of isoprene emission compared with photosynthesis resulted in a higher percentage of fixed carbon lost as isoprene as seedlings became more stressed. During the recovery phase of the drying-rewatering cycles, isoprene emission rates in several seedlings were higher than in well-watered control seedlings. Following the ninth drying-rewatering cycle, sustained daily watering resulted in recovery of isoprene emission rates to control values within four days. Photosynthetic rates only recovered to 50% of control values after seven days. We conclude that the mechanisms regulating photosynthetic rate and isoprene emission rate are differentially influenced by limited water supplies. The results are consistent with past studies that predict a protective role for isoprene emission during stress, particularly protection from excessive leaf temperatures during drought.