特克塞尔绵羊在山西右玉的胚胎移植效果

选取12只纯种特克塞尔羊作为供体,并采用递减法注射FSH进行超数排卵,发情后采用人工授精方式进行配种,手术法回收胚胎,鉴定后移植.164只右玉绵羊作为受体,采用两次PG注射法进行同期发情.结果表明12只供体获得胚胎共129枚,可用胚胎109枚,每只供体羊获得9.1枚可用胚胎,胚胎合格率为84.50%.134只受体表现发情,发情率为81.70%,其中同期发情的羊108只,同期发情率65.85%.109枚胚胎移入97只受体,其中12只移植双胚.61只受体被确认为妊娠,产下52只羔羊,产羔率为53.60%.12只供体手术后产下17羔羊.     

夏洛莱羊超数排卵及鲜胚移植技术应用的试验

以120 IU、144IU、168IU三种剂量FSH（促卵泡素），在供体羊发情的第2d开始超排，126只供体的超排结果如下：共回收卵1112枚，平均8．83枚，其中胚胎可用胚胎986枚，平均7．83枚。剂量为144IU组和168IU组的超排效果都很好，但与20IU组比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。供体羊的年龄对超排效果影响较大，2～5岁经产羊的超排效果显著高于育成羊和老龄羊（P〈0．01）。将986枚胚胎移植给972只受体，有682只妊娠，妊娠率为70．16％。共产羔羊661只，产羔率为68％。受体羊与供体羊同期化程度、胚龄等因素对妊娠率有一定影响，但无显著差异（P〉0．05）。用CIDR（阴道孕酮释放装置）诱导供体母羊同期发情，与自然发情比较，不影响供体超排效果。用PG（氯前列烯醇）诱导受体母羊发情，与自然发情比较，不影响受体羊的妊娠率。供体羊在繁殖季节可以重复超排利用。     

胚胎移植技术对绒山羊的应用效果

利用27只辽宁绒山羊作供体，实施山羊胚胎移植130只。供体超排用进口CIDR和宁波产FSH、LH，受体同期用进口海绵栓和赤峰产PMSG，采胚和移植用输卵管手术法，结果：供体发情同期率100％，出现黄体平均10．24个／只，回收胚胎平均lO．28枚／只。可用胚胎平均8．25枚／只；受体发情同期率88．3％，早检妊娠率63．85％，产羔率43．85％。     

绒山羊胚胎移植的应用效果

利用27只辽宁绒山羊作供体，实施山羊胚胎移植130只。供体超排用进口CIDR和宁波产FSH、LH。受体同期用进口海棉栓和赤峰产PMSG，采胚和移植用输卵管手术法。结果显示，供体发情同期率100％。出现黄体平均10．24个／只，回收胚胎平均10．28枚／只，可用胚胎平均8．25枚／只；受体发情同期率88．3％，早检妊娠率63．85％，产羔率43．85％。     

绒山羊胚胎移植技术的研究

利用17只辽宁绒山羊作供体，实施绒山羊胚胎移植120只次，采胚和移植均采用子宫角手术法。结果表明，供体发情同期率88．24％，出现黄体平均10．53个／只，回收胚胎平均9．93枚／只，可用胚胎平均8．07枚／只；受体同期发情率89．2％，妊娠率69．7％，产羔率60．3％。     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。     

内蒙古细毛羊胚胎移植试验

选取24只内蒙古细毛羊作为供体,300只小尾寒羊作为受体,用FSH CIDR法对供体进行超排,采用人工授精对供体进行配种;采用两次PGF2α注射法对受体进行同期发情;采用手术法子宫角回收供体的胚胎,经过鉴定后移植给受体。结果表明:24只供体获得胚胎共275枚,可用胚胎236枚,每只供体羊获得9.83枚可用胚胎,胚胎合格率为85.82%。287只受体表现发情,发情率为95.70%,其中同期发情的羊219只,同期发情率73.00%。236枚胚胎移入214只受体,其中22只移植双胚,143只受体被确认为妊娠,产下羔羊121只,产羔率为56.54%。     

胚胎移植技术在吐根堡奶山羊扩繁中的应用

选择10只纯种吐根堡奶山羊,采用"CIDR+FSH递减法"超排处理;对100只云上黑山羊受体采用"CIDR+PMSG法"同期发情处理。结果:10只供体回收卵子和胚胎179枚,其中可用胚胎71枚;移植受体36只,23只受体产羔40只,按移植胚胎计算产羔率56.33%(40/71),按移植母羊计算妊娠产羔率63.89%(23/36)。     

阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊胚胎移植效果与分析

选取37只优质阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊母羊作为供体,300只普通山羊为受体,采用递减法注射FSH进行超排。经同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精等过程后,采用手术法子宫角回收胚胎,经鉴定后移植。结果表明:37只供体共获得345枚胚胎,可用胚胎308枚,只均获得胚胎9.32枚、可用胚胎8.32枚,胚胎合格率高达89.28%。285只受体羊发情,发情率95%。将308枚胚胎移入273只受体,妊娠183只,受胎率67.03%,产羔197只,产羔率107.65%,繁殖率71.06%。     

弥勒红骨山羊重复超数排卵及胚胎移植研究

①弥勒红骨山羊两次超排间排卵数、回收胚胎数、回收率、可用胚数、可用胚率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但第2次超排后的排卵数、回收胚胎数、可用胚胎数的标准差较大,说明供体羊第2次超排效果均匀度较第1次低.②放牧+补饲和全舍饲两种养殖模式奶山羊同期发情率无显著差异(94.12％vs 88.89％)(P＞0.05),但发情受体的利用率差异显著(81.25％vs 56.25％) (P＜0.05).③放牧+补饲条件下饲养的奶山羊和圭山山羊同期发情率无显著差异(94.12％vs 84.85％) (P＞0.05),但圭山山羊发情受体的利用率较奶山羊低(57.14％vs 81.25％),差异显著(P＜0.05).④移植单胚的圭山山羊和奶山羊妊娠率、产羔率、胚胎获得羔羊的效率无明显差别,移植1～3枚胚胎的奶山羊受体,随移植胚胎数的增加,受体妊娠率逐步提高,从单胚的58.33％提高到双胚的65.22％和三胚的88.89％,母羊产羔率也显著提高,但胚胎获得羔羊的效率无明显差别.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.