取食藜和龙葵对甜菜夜蛾生长发育及杀虫剂敏感性的影响

在室内分别用人工饲料、藜(Chenopodium album L.)或龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)饲喂甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)初孵幼虫,研究饲喂上述2种杂草对甜菜夜蛾存活率、发育历期、化蛹率、羽化率和繁殖力的影响,同时采用室内毒力生物测定的方法,比较取食不同寄主的甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫对甲...     

棉田夜蛾类害虫防治法

棉田夜蛾有甘蓝夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾三类，初孵幼虫群集叶背取食叶肉，３龄后可将叶片吃成孔洞或缺刻，４龄后分散为害。甘蓝夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫主要取食叶片；斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食叶、花蕾和果，严重时可将全田作物吃光。甘蓝夜蛾一年发生２～３代，发育适宜温度为１８...     

甜菜夜蛾的发生规律及防治对策

经室内饲养和室外调查观察，初步摸清了甜莱夜蛾的发生规律和防治对策。甜菜夜娥在我市一年发生5代，7～8月危害棉花，以第3代为主，幼虫共5龄，2龄前群集危害，3龄后分散危害，并危害加重，抗药性增强成虫表现昼伏夜出，趋光性强，趋化性较弱。防治策略抓住2龄前的适期防治，狠治第3代，兼治其他代。防治方法以化学药剂防治为主；并结合灯光诱杀；以及做好灌溉或中耕等农业措施。     

马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食选择性

采用叶盘法,室内测定了马铃薯块茎蛾[Phthorimaes operculella(Zeller)]初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫对马铃薯、烟草、番茄、辣椒、茄子、曼陀罗、龙葵、蓖麻、酸浆植物的选择性与非择性取食。结果表明,马铃薯块茎蛾初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫取食对供试植物具有明显的选择性,随着时间的延续,选择性逐渐降低。测定的1～48 h内马铃薯块茎蛾初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫对马铃薯、烟草、番茄、辣椒、茄子、曼陀罗、龙葵、蓖麻、酸浆的总体选择取食率间差异显著(初孵幼虫:F=60.94,P<0.01;3龄幼虫:F=66.34,P<0.01),对供试植物的总体选择顺序为马铃薯>烟草>番茄>酸浆>辣椒>龙葵>茄子>蓖麻>曼陀罗。马铃薯块茎蛾初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫对受其危害后的马铃薯、烟草、番茄、辣椒、茄子、曼陀罗、龙葵、蓖麻、酸浆叶片也现出明显的取食选择性,该选择性随着处理时间的延长而逐渐降低,处理后第48 h,初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫对供试验植物的选择性无显著差异(初孵幼虫:F=2.34,P>0.05;3龄幼虫:F=1.76,P>0.05),在1～48 h内对受害植物的选择取食顺序为马铃薯>番茄>烟草>酸浆>龙葵>辣椒>茄子>蓖麻>曼陀罗。该研究结果将为利用植物多样性生态控制马铃薯块茎蛾提供参考。     

乙基多杀菌素对井上蛀果斑螟生长发育的影响

井上蛀果斑螟（Assara inouei Yamanaka）是云南石榴上的重要害虫。为系统评价乙基多杀菌素对井上蛀果斑螟的综合控制作用,研究了乙基多杀菌素对该虫卵和初孵幼虫的直接致死效应及对存活后续虫态生长发育的影响。结果表明,浸渍法处理井上蛀果斑螟不同日龄卵后,随着乙基多杀菌素浓度和卵日龄的增大,卵孵化率显著降低,幼虫的死亡率升高。饲喂法处理井上蛀果斑螟初孵幼虫后,幼虫死亡率随药剂浓度的增大和处理后时间的延长而升高,且低剂量乙基多杀菌素对存活幼虫及其后续虫态的生存产生显著影响。低剂量乙基多杀菌素可显著延长存活幼虫的发育历期、预蛹期和蛹期,显著降低其化蛹率、蛹质量、羽化率和单雌产卵量。乙基多杀菌素对井上蛀果斑螟卵和初孵幼虫具有良好的杀虫活性,同时低剂量下对该虫的生长发育亦有明显的抑制作用,可用于控制井上蛀果斑螟的种群发展。     

安打防治稻纵卷叶螟药剂试验

在田间进行杜邦安打防治稻纵卷叶螟的药剂对比及防治适期试验,分别在稻纵卷叶螟1～2龄幼虫高峰期及3、4龄幼虫高峰期用药观察,结果表明:用安打8 ml/667 m2在稻纵卷叶螟1～2龄幼虫高峰期用药,其防效最好,高达97%以上。     

商丘市防治棉田甜菜夜蛾的有效措施

甜菜夜蛾是一种间歇性大发生害虫 ,1 999年本市棉田 7～ 8月份甜菜夜蛾为害严重 ,商丘市历史上罕见。一般棉田为害株率 60 %左右 ,严重地块达1 0 0 %,群众一时感到束手无策 ,为解决棉田突发的严重问题 ,采取了以下有效防治措施。1　筛选有效药剂 ,迅速组织防治针对甜菜夜蛾为害的严重性 ,在 7月初进行了化学药剂防治甜菜夜蛾的药效试验 ,结果表明 ,米螨、2 0 %杀得快、90 %万灵、2 5%棉虫杀 DDV对棉田甜菜夜蛾都具有一定的防治效果 ,但效果最好的属米螨 ,48小时虫口减退率为 96%,明显好于其它药剂。分析其原因 ,主要是甜菜夜蛾幼虫具有…     

水稻穗期大螟药剂防治技术探讨

为有效控制水稻穗期大螟的危害,笔者针对性地开展了不同药剂、喷液量和用药时间等田间试验示范。结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺、稻丰散、阿维·二嗪磷、阿维·三唑磷、阿维·杀螟松、乐果·三唑磷和唑磷·敌百虫等对大螟均具有理想的防治效果,可作为水稻穗期大螟的防治药剂。其中,氯虫苯甲酰胺和稻丰散不仅在大螟卵孵期使用效果好,而且对低龄幼虫的杀灭效果也较明显。在常规喷雾施药时,每hm2的喷液量以1 000 kg较为适宜。大螟偏重发生时,宜在卵孵始盛与高峰期连续用药2次,必要时,在低龄幼虫高峰期或田间危害始见期,再复查补充用药1次。     

大豆甜菜夜蛾的防治策略

阐述了周口地区大豆甜菜夜蛾的危害和防治方法,提出防治原则:消灭1～2龄幼虫,控制3龄幼虫;采用4.5%高效氯氰聚酯+1.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐混合液、20%抑食肼交替使用有良好效果。     

水稻挥发物对二化螟幼虫趋性行为的影响

 利用Y型嗅觉仪研究了水稻挥发物对二化螟初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫的趋性影响。处理包括健康苗与空白对照、二化螟为害苗与空白对照、稻纵卷叶螟为害苗与空白对照、健康苗与二化螟为害苗、健康苗与稻纵卷叶螟为害苗、二化螟为害苗与稻纵卷叶螟为害苗。结果表明，水稻挥发物对二化螟初孵和3龄幼虫都表现出显著的引诱作用。二化螟幼虫对不同处理水稻（健康苗、二化螟为害苗和稻纵卷叶螟为害苗）挥发物之间的趋向选择无显著差异。     

我国甜菜病虫草害种类分布及化学防治历程

我国甜菜三北产区,苗期发生的主要害虫有5种,其中以象虫为害最重,东北产区的优势种为蒙古土象,华北、西北产区的优势种为甜菜象;生长中期发生的主要害虫有8种;生长后期发生的主要害虫有7种,其中以甘蓝夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾为害最重。各甜菜主产区普遍发生的病害种类有:立枯病、根腐病、丛根病、褐斑病;普遍发生的甜菜草害种类有:稗草、柳叶刺蓼、反枝苋。在今后一段时期内,甜菜病虫草害的防治应以化学防治为主,生物防治为辅;化学防治应以高效低毒农药为主导;应加强种衣剂的研制、开发、应用,提倡混合施药。     

分布型指数法及抽样技术在甜菜田草地螟幼虫预测预报中的应用

经6块甜菜田的聚集度指标测定结果表明,草地螟幼虫在甜菜田属聚集分布。经Iwao回归拟合,(,P<0.01),式中的组合说明草地螟幼虫在田间的分布属聚集分布中的奈曼分布,结果和聚集度指标测定结果相吻合。4种取样方法与抽样总体比较,以双对角线抽样法误差最小,代表性好,宜在大田调查时采用。草地螟幼虫不同虫口密度所需最大抽样量由:给出。     

旋幽夜蛾生物学特性与防治研究

旋幽夜蛾为杂食性害虫。通过室内外系统饲养观察,此虫在当地一年发生3代。以蛹在甜菜、胡麻、豌豆、首蓿等作物土壤中越冬,田间杂草、地埂下也能越冬,深度达10～20cm;前两代幼虫主要危害豌豆、胡麻、蚕豆等,第三代幼虫以危害甜菜为主。化学防治采用二嗪农1000倍液、水胺硫磷800～1200倍液喷洒,防效达90％。     

Impact of area-wide malathion on predatory arthropods and secondary pests in cotton during boll weevil eradication in Texas

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis, has been eradicated from much of the cotton producing region of the US and to-date eradication efforts continue in Texas. While providing long-term economic and environmental benefits, area-wide applications of malathion used by the eradication program have been implicated in the disruption of biological control of some cotton pests. This study evaluated the impact of the area-wide boll weevil eradication on abundance of predatory arthropods and key pests of cotton during four years in central Texas. Multiple applications of malathion ULV significantly reduced seasonal mean densities of spiders, predatory bugs (Orius spp. Pseudatomoscelis seriatus, Nabis spp., Geocoris spp.), Chrysopidae larvae and red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, collected from the cotton canopy. In contrast, densities of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, heliothine and other lepidopteron larvae, cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and adult and larval convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens, often increased in cotton fields under boll weevil eradication. The density of total predators measured during the mid-season (period of blooming and early boll development) was significantly and negatively correlated with density of beet armyworm larvae during the late-season (boll maturation period). Results suggest that the community of predatory arthropods in the cotton canopy, rather than one or several key predators, is important in suppressing outbreaks of S. exigua and other lepidopteran pests in cotton. Furthermore, the potential to use densities of generalist predators in mid-season to anticipate late-season outbreaks of beet armyworm during boll weevil eradication is discussed.     

孟加拉国番石榴产业简况

丽绿刺蛾在海南胡椒种植区每年发生2～3代，以老熟幼虫在主蔓上结茧越冬。该虫1年有2次发生高峰期，分别在5月下旬至6月中下旬和7月下旬至9月中旬。第1代幼虫发生量大，危害严重，是防治的关键时期。根据其发生规律提出相应的防治策略。     

Bioactive Compounds,Antioxidant and Binding Activities and Spear Yield of Asparagus officinalis L.

The aim of this investigation was to find a proper harvesting period and establishing fern number, which effects the spear yield, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of Asparagus officinalis L. Spears were harvested at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after sprouting. Control for comparison was used without harvest. Spears and total yield increased with prolonged spear harvest period. In harvest of 6 weeks long optimum spear yield was the highest and fern numbers were 5?~?8. Bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins and ascorbic acid) and the levels of antioxidant activities by ferric-reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays in asparagus ethanol extracts significantly differed in the investigated samples and were the highest at 6 weeks harvest period (P?<?0.05). The first and the second segments from the tip significantly increased with the increase of catalase (CAT). It was interesting to investigate in vitro how human serum albumin (HSA) interacts with polyphenols extracted from investigated vegetables. Therefore the functional properties of asparagus were studied by the interaction of polyphenol ethanol extracts with HSA, using 3D- FL. In conclusion, antioxidant status (bioactive compounds, binding and antioxidant activities) improved with the harvesting period and the first segment from spear tip. Appropriate harvesting is effective for higher asparagus yield and its bioactivity.     

15种药剂对芦笋茎枯病病原菌的毒力测定

通过菌丝生长法对芦笋茎枯病进行15种药剂的室内筛选实验，以期为该病害的大田防治提供参考。综合分析结果表明：50%多菌灵、75%百菌清和70%甲基托布津的EC50和EC95最小，抑菌效果最好；2%嘧啶核苷悬浮剂和20%噻菌铜的EC50和EC95最大。通过对药剂抑菌效果和使用成本的分析，生产上使用50%多菌灵、75%百菌清、70%甲基托布津、25%阿米西达、50%异菌脲、80%代森锰锌和30%爱苗防治芦笋茎枯病。     

甜菜当年抽薹开花诱导技术在育种上的应用

对不同类型甜菜品系及不同苗龄幼苗光温诱导敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:不同类型甜菜品系、不同苗龄的幼苗均表现出随着光温诱导时间的延长,其抽薹率、开花率和结实率均有提高;但不同类型品系之间对光温诱导的敏感性存在着较明显的差异,同一品系幼苗的不同苗龄间也存在着一定的差异。饲料甜菜品系HSLTC在诱导80d以前各期的抽薹率明显高于糖甜菜品系DP10,但其开花率和结实率在各诱导时期均明显低于DP10。随着诱导时间的延长,各品系的抽薹率、开花率和结实率有所递增,糖甜菜幼苗的光温诱导时间以110d左右为宜,饲料甜菜应不少于130d。     

内蒙古固阳冷凉干旱区甜菜营养生长特性的研究

通过田间观察和定期生长分析,明确了冷凉干旱区采用地膜覆盖、灌溉栽培甜菜的各营养生长期的根、叶生长和糖分积累特点,讨论了甜菜生长中心的转移推迟和糖分积累期生长速率、净同化率大幅度降低的原因,提出提早间、定苗和通过水肥调控促进甜菜早发,加速生长中心转移,缩短叶丛快速生长期和改善水分状况,促进块根增长和糖分积累的措施。     

Biology,seasonal occurrence,host range and damage potential of the castor hairy caterpillar,Euproctis lunata Walk. (Lymentriidae : Lepidoptera)

The castor hairy caterpillar, Euproctis lunata Walk. in Bangladesh has six larval instars that averaged 3·3 ± 0·07, 3·5 ± 0·08, 3·7 ± 0·11, 4·7 ± 0·12 and 5·0 ± 0·15 days respectively; 204 ± 6·5 eggs were laid per female; 97·2 ± 0·37 eggs hatched. Male and female moths lived 4·00 ± 0·16 and 4·45 ± 0·13 days, respectively. Most larvae were found in September and October with castor the most preferred host. The fifth- and sixth-instar larvae consumed more leaves than did those of the first four instars. When larvae were released on plots there were subsequently fewer late-instar larvae where most had been released. Yields were significantly reduced if there were two or more larvae per plant.