Measurement of petroleum oil deposits on citrus leaves by gas-liquid chromatography

The quantity of oil deposited on citrus leaves when sprayed with oil-in-water emulsions was determined by gas-liquid chromatography of a diethyl ether extract of the leaves. Recovery of oil diminished rapidly as the time interval between spraying and extraction increased; this effect must be recognised when the method is applied.     

乙酰甲胺磷及其代谢物甲胺磷在辣椒酱加工过程中的残留量变化

为了研究乙酰甲胺磷及有毒代谢产物甲胺磷在辣椒酱加工过程中的加工因子,从而优化辣椒酱的加工过程,本研究采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)分别检测辣椒酱加工中清洗、自然发酵和灭菌3个步骤中2种农药残留量的变化。结果表明:经流动水冲洗后,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的加工因子分别为0.71和0.58;自然发酵过程中,经发酵微生物作用,有部分乙酰甲胺磷降解为甲胺磷,乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的加工因子分别为0.68和1.17;灭菌过程对2种农药残留量的变化影响不大。综合考虑辣椒酱的品质和农药残留两方面因素,建议尽量适当延长辣椒的清洗时间,在不影响辣椒酱品质的前提下,发酵过程中加入一定量的澄清剂,加强对2种农药的吸附作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定小麦和土壤中炔草酯及其代谢物炔草酸的残留量

建立了应用高效液相色谱分别测定炔草酯及其代谢物炔草酸在小麦和土壤中残留量的方法。样品经乙酸乙酯或丙酮提取,中性氧化铝柱层析净化,高效液相色谱法测定。结果表明:炔草酯在小麦籽粒、植株和土壤中的平均回收率为80.4%~92.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%~4.4%;炔草酸的平均回收率为71.7%~83.8%,RSD为2.3%~6.0%;炔草酯和炔草酸的最小检出量分别为1.0×10-9和2.0×10-10 g;在籽粒、植株和土壤中炔草酯和炔草酸的最低检测浓度分别为0.02、0.05、0.02 mg/kg和0.01、0.02、0.01 mg/kg。     

气相色谱法同时检测水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的残留量

采用气相色谱法建立了水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈匀浆提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）检测。结果表明:在0.05~1 mg/kg添加水平下,氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸的平均回收率为79%~120%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.7%~16%。氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸在不同水果样品中的检出限（LOD）分别为0.01、0.015和0.01 mg/kg,定量限（LOQ）均为0.05 mg/kg。该方法快速、简单和稳定,可以满足水果中氟吡菌酰胺、肟菌酯及其代谢物肟菌酸残留量的检测要求。     

顶空气相色谱法测定小麦中熏蒸剂氰及其代谢物氰化氢的残留量

采用溶剂顶空毛细管气相色谱-氮磷检测器(NPD)建立了熏蒸剂氰(C2N2)及其代谢物氰化氢(HCN)在小麦中残留的分析方法。在气相与液相体积比(β)为4时,采用GS-Q大孔毛细管色谱柱和进样60 μL顶空气体,可提高C2N2和HCN的分离效果和灵敏度。以质量分数为50%的磷酸作溶剂,在25 ℃下平衡4 h,C2N2和HCN在液相与气相间的分配系数(k)分别为0.44和48.82。平衡温度和基质对C2N2和HCN挥发的影响存在差异,而盐化效应的影响较小。用50% 的磷酸提取熏蒸过的小麦72 h,释放至顶空的C2N2和HCN的量最大,用添加标准品的小麦作标准可评价熏蒸小麦中C2N2和HCN的残留量。C2N2和HCN标准曲线的线性范围分别在质量浓度为1.0~500 μg/L和1.2~500 μg/L之间,相关系数(R2)分别为0.999 7和0.999 8,相对标准偏差分别为4.6%和7.4%,检出限(LOD)分别为0.032和0.145 mg/kg,定量限(LOQ)分别为0.107和0.483 mg/kg。方法操作简单、灵敏度高、干扰少,适用于小麦中C2N2和HCN残留量的检测。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米植株和土壤中溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (UPLC-MS/MS) 测定玉米植株和土壤中溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物J9Z38残留量的方法,明确了种子处理方式下两种化合物的消解动力学。样品经乙腈提取,采用QuEChERS方法处理后,进UPLC-MS/MS检测分析。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg添加水平下,溴氰虫酰胺和J9Z38在玉米植株和土壤中的平均回收率在81%~103%之间,相对标准偏差均小于10.1%;在0.1~50 μg/L范围内,溴氰虫酰胺和J9Z38的质量浓度与相应峰面积间线性关系良好 (R2 > 0.999),定量限 (LOQ) 均为0.01 mg/kg。溴氰虫酰胺和J9Z38在玉米植株和土壤中的消解动态符合一级动力学模型,溴氰虫酰胺在玉米植株和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为8.3和8.2 d (春季),3.9和4.5 d (夏季)。该方法简单、灵敏、高效,能够满足溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物J9Z38在玉米植株和土壤中残留的检测需求。     

Confirmation of perfluidone residues in rice by gas-liquid chromatography following the formation of derivatives

A simple and sensitive method for the confirmation of perfluidone residues in rice grains is described. The procedure involves extraction, purification on an anionexchange resin, chlorination, methylation and gas-chromatographic analysis with electron capture detection. The recoveries from fortified rice grains varied from 84.0 to 92.4% in the range 0.01–0.20 mg/kg. The sensitivity was such that perfluidone could be detected down to a level of 0.005 mg/kg. The method can be used for confirmation of perfluidone quantitatively as well as qualitatively.     

Simultaneous estimation of bioresmethrin and piperonyl butoxide by gas-liquid chromatography with chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry

A technique using gas-liquid chromatography combined with chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry is described for the simultaneous quantitative measurement of bioresmethrin and piperonyl butoxide. It is sensitive to 0.2 ng bioresmethrin and 2 ng piperonyl butoxide. The amounts of these compounds, in extracts of 50-g samples of laboratory-fortified wheat, were determined.     

Some factors in the separation of polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) from organochlorine pesticides by column chromatography combined with gas-liquid chromatography

Retention volumes for polychlorobiphenyls (PCB's) and organochlorine pesticides have been measured on “Florisi”^b and silicic acid in various activity states using petroleum spirit eluant. The majority of organochlorine pesticides can be separated from PCB's by column chromatography. The exceptions areheptachlor, aldrin and BHC (apart from the gamma-isomer), and the separation of DDE from PCB's was only achieved with highly active silicic acid. With PCB residues normally found, the separations not secured by column chromatography were obtained by gas chromatography.     

Selective determination of ionised bromide and organic bromides in Foodstuffs by gas-liquid chromatography with special reference to fumigant residues

A number of methods in common use for determining amounts of bromine-containing compounds occurring as residues in foodstuffs, primarily as a result of commodity or soil fumigation, do not distinguish between bromide ion and organically bound bromine. Although such compounds may differ widely in their toxicity, national and international schedules have included tolerances for total bromide determined as ‘inorganic bromide’. A method is described in which ionised bromide in foodstuffs is quantitatively converted to 2-brompethanol (ethylene bromohydrin) by reaction with ethylene oxide in an acid medium. The 2-bromoethanol produced is determined in processed extracts by gas-liquid chromatography. Residual methyl bromide and ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane), neither of which react with ethylene oxide under the conditions prescribed, are separated and determined concurrently. With foodstuffs which did not contain organo-bromine compounds, good agreement was observed between results obtained by the gas chromatographic method and by total bromide determination involving alkali digestion, controlled ashing, extraction of ash and wet oxidation. In the light of the more specific methods of determination now available, some clarification in tolerance schedules for residual bromine compounds in foodstuffs is suggested.     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶鲜叶中7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了超声波提取、分散固相萃取净化、气相色谱-电子捕获法(GC-ECD)同时测定茶鲜叶中甲氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯7种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。样品采用V(乙酸)∶V(乙腈)=1∶99的混合溶剂超声提取,适量乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(PSA)、十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶(C18)和石墨化碳黑(GCB)吸附剂净化,GC-ECD测定,基质外标法定量。结果表明:在0.004~2 mg/L范围内,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药的峰面积与相应质量浓度间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999;在0.01~0.5 mg/kg的添加水平下,平均回收率为80%~101%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于8.4%(n=6),日间RSD均小于9.3%(n=3);7种农药在茶鲜叶中的检出限为0.002~0.02 mg/kg,定量限为0.01~0.05 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、定量准确、溶剂用量少,对检测条件要求低,可同时测定茶鲜叶中7种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留量。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测小麦中唑啉草酯及其代谢物M4

本研究采用QuEChERS方法进行样品前处理,优化提取溶剂及净化剂,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)对小麦麦粒和秸秆基质中唑啉草酯及其代谢物M4的检测方法,研究表明,在0.000 5～0.5 mg/L范围内,唑啉草酯及其代谢物M4的浓度与色谱峰面积均呈现良好的线性关系.唑啉草酯在麦粒和秸秆中的平...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定香蕉中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物

为了研究壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在食品中的残留量及安全性,通过乙腈提取、固相萃取法净化,建立了香蕉中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)及其降解产物壬基酚(NP)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定方法,并对流动相、监测离子和校正曲线等进行了优化和探讨。结果表明:在5~40 μ g/kg添加水平范围内,NPnEO及NP的添加回收率在75%~117%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.2%~9.6%之间;NPnEO的检出限在0.005~0.04 μ g/kg之间,NP的检出限(LOD)为0.5 μ g/kg;该方法快速、灵敏,准确度高,符合残留检测的要求。     

A modified clean-up for the determination of glyphosate and its metabolite residues in lentils using high pressure liquid chromatography and post-column fluorogenic labelling

An analytical method is presented for the analysis of glyphosate and its metabolite (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid (AMPA), in lentil samples. They were extracted from powdered samples with water and chloroform. The aqueous layer was acidified and passed through a cation exchange column. The eluate was made basic, passed through an anion exchange column in the hydroxide form and discarded. The latter column was eluted with hydrochloric acid (0.3 M) which was collected, evaporated under vacuum to 1 ml, diluted with water to 10 ml, filtered and analysed for glyphosate and metabolite using a liquid chromatograph with a post-column reactor and a fluorescence detector. The limit of detection, average recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) were 0.08 μg g^?1, 92.5% and 7.3% for glyphosate and 0.1 μg g^?1, 92.5% and 8.3% for AMP A. The detector response was found to be linear within the range 20–400 ng.     

丙硫菌唑及代谢物硫酮菌唑在土壤中的残留分析方法及消解

初步研究了土壤中丙硫菌唑及代谢物硫酮菌唑的残留分析方法及其在北京和安徽两地土壤中的消解情况。样品经乙腈超声提取,盐析后取上清液,经高效液相色谱-紫外检测器（HPLC-UVD）测定,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.05、0.3和1 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,丙硫菌唑和硫酮菌唑的平均回收率在75%~97%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在1.0%~7.8%之间,定量限（LOQ）均为0.05 mg/kg,丙硫菌唑在土壤提取液及前处理过程中会部分转化成代谢产物硫酮菌唑。北京和安徽两地喷施到土壤中的丙硫菌唑会迅速转化为代谢物硫酮菌唑,且硫酮菌唑的残留浓度随时间的延长呈现先升高后降低的趋势。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中硝磺草酮及其代谢物残留

建立了土壤中硝磺草酮及其代谢物4-甲砜基-2-硝基苯甲酸(MNBA)和2-氨基-4-甲砜基苯甲酸(AMBA)残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品用0.1%氨水-乙腈溶液提取后,经Cleanert PAX固相萃取柱净化,以乙腈和0.3%甲酸水为流动相,Acquity HSS T3色谱柱梯度洗脱,电喷雾负离子多反应监测模式UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果表明:在0.3~50μg/kg添加水平下,硝磺草酮、MNBA和AMBA的平均添加回收率在73%~97%之间,相对标准偏差在2.4%~12.9%之间,该方法的检出限分别为0.1、0.3和0.2μg/kg,定量限分别为0.3、1.0和0.6μg/kg。应用该方法对室内模拟试验的红土样品进行了分析,结果表明,硝磺草酮在红土中的消解半衰期为4.0d,土壤中降解产物AMBA残留量高于MNBA。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中八氯二丙醚残留量及其不确定度评估

建立了加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱(ASE-GC)法测定茶叶中八氯二丙醚残留量的方法。茶叶样品经加速溶剂萃取仪用正己烷-丙酮(1∶1,体积比)提取,经硅藻土-浓硫酸(10 g∶4.0 mL )净化,以正己烷洗脱并定容,GC-ECD检测,外标法定量。此外,对测定过程中可能引入的不确定度进行了分析和评定。结果表明:在质量浓度为0.010~0.40 mg/L范围内,峰面积与八氯二丙醚的质量浓度成良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 1;八氯二丙醚的添加水平在5~30 ng/g范围内,平均回收率为90.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.7%,方法的检出限(LOD)为0.005 mg/kg;当茶叶中八氯二丙醚含量为0.053 1 mg/kg时,取置信概率为95%,包含因子k=2,则其扩展不确定度U=0.003 6 mg/kg。通过对不确定度的分析,发现影响测定结果不确定度的主要来源有回收率、测量重复性和标准溶液的配制过程。     

甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物多菌灵在猕猴桃上的残留及安全性评价

为了评估甲基硫菌灵在猕猴桃上使用的安全性,采用QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,对甲基硫菌灵及其代谢物多菌灵在猕猴桃上的残留量进行了分析,明确了其消解规律及半衰期,通过进行膳食摄入风险评估,以推荐甲基硫菌灵在猕猴桃上的最大残留限量 (MRL),并对其代谢物多菌灵的残留量进行了安全性评价。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,甲基硫菌灵的回收率为85%~102%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为1.0%~7.1%;多菌灵的回收率为86%~101%,RSD为2.1%~5.2%;两者的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。甲基硫菌灵在猕猴桃上的消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期为10.1~10.5 d,属易消解农药。70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂在猕猴桃上按照推荐剂量及1.5倍推荐剂量 (875和1 166.7 mg/kg) 分别施药3次和4次,推荐采收间隔期为21 d,膳食风险商为78.7%,推荐MRL值为5 mg/kg,该结果通常不会对一般人群健康产生不可接受的风险。依据GB 2763多菌灵在猕猴桃上的MRL值0.5 mg/kg,代谢物多菌灵存在较大的超标风险。建议有关部门制定甲基硫菌灵在猕猴桃上的MRL值,并重新评估多菌灵在猕猴桃上的MRL值。     

三唑酮及其代谢产物三唑醇在橡胶树植株中的迁移富集行为

三唑酮是一种重要的橡胶树白粉病防治药剂,明确三唑酮及其代谢物三唑醇在橡胶树上的迁移富集行为有利于提高其农药的靶标利用率。本研究基于QuEChERS法,采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)技术首次建立了三唑酮和三唑醇在橡胶树植株根、茎、叶中的残留分析方法。采用水培条件下根部施药和土培条件下叶部施药的方式,分别研究了三唑酮及三唑醇在橡胶树植株中的迁移富集行为。结果表明：橡胶树植株可快速将三唑酮代谢成三唑醇,2种药剂均可从植株根部通过茎部迁移至叶部,但在植株各部位中的富集行为具有较大差异,其生物富集系数大小依次为根部>茎部>叶部,且茎部和叶部的转运系数均小于1,表明三唑酮及三唑醇很难在橡胶树植株中向上迁移,易被根部富集;在对橡胶树植株叶部施药时,三唑酮亦可快速代谢成三唑醇,2种农药在植株不同部位的叶片间迁移能力较差。该研究可为优化三唑酮等农药在橡胶树上的施用方案提供重要的数据支撑。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定大米、小麦和动物源食品中异丙隆及其代谢物脱甲基异丙隆残留

本研究建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定异丙隆及其代谢物脱甲基异丙隆在大米、小麦、牛肉、牛奶、鸡肉和鸡蛋的残留检测方法。样品经2%甲酸乙腈提取,以N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)净化,利用乙腈和0.2%甲酸水作为流动相梯度洗脱,T3色谱柱分离,在多反应监测模式下定量分析,基质外标法定量。结果表明:异丙隆及其代谢物脱甲基异丙隆溶剂标准曲线和基质标准曲线在1~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99。在4个加标水平下,异丙隆日内平均回收率为74.0%~107.0%,相对标准偏差0.7%~12.9%;日间平均回收率为76.2%~108.7%,相对标准偏差1.1%~19.8%。脱甲基异丙隆日内平均回收率为76.9%~113.5%,相对标准偏差0.6%~13.9%;日间平均回收率为77.7%~107.4%,相对标准偏差2.2%~17.4%。异丙隆和脱甲基异丙隆的定量限均为1.0μg/kg。该方法简便、快捷、准确、灵敏度高,适用于异丙隆和脱甲基异丙隆在大米、小麦、牛肉、牛奶、鸡肉和鸡蛋6种基质中残留的检测,为解决异丙隆和脱甲基异丙隆在食品中残留的安全问题提供技术方法。