返青期断根对秸秆覆盖冬小麦产量及叶片光合特性的影响

为了解返青期断根对黄土高原旱地保护性耕作下小麦产量形成及水分利用的调控作用,在陕西长武县开展旱地秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦返青期断根试验,分析了返青期断根对冬小麦籽粒产量、地上部生物量、收获指数、产量构成三要素、拔节期群体数量、生育期耗水量、水分利用效率、花后旗叶光合特性及衰老特性的影响。结果表明,返青期断根对冬小麦地上部生物量、穗数、粒重和生育期耗水量没有显著影响。与CK(不断根)相比,返青期断根后冬小麦拔节期总茎数减少了11.9%,开花期叶面积指数、花后旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率和蒸腾速率提高,分蘖成穗率、穗粒数、籽粒产量、收获指数和水分利用效率分别增加了14.1%、10.5%、8.2%、10.4%、17.5%和20.4%。这说明返青期断根可促进秸秆覆盖条件下冬小麦分蘖成穗,增加花后旗叶光合作用,改善穗部结实特性,提高籽粒产量和水分高效利用。     

Intraspecific responses in crop growth and yield of 20 soybean cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation under field conditions

Field studies were conducted to determine the potential for intraspecific responses in crop growth and grain yield of 20 soybean cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) radiation. The supplemental UV-B radiation was 5.00 kJ m⁻², simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone at Kunming (25°N, 1950 m). Out of the 20 soybean cultivars tested, 17 and 15 showed significant change in plant height at 80 DAP (days after planting) and ripening stages, respectively. Sensitivity in plant height was greater at 80 DAP than at ripening. The plant height of 3 cultivars increased, and that of 17 cultivars decreased. Under UV-B radiation, LAI (leaf area index), biomass and grain yield decreased, respectively. The greatest percent decrease was 95.7, 93.9 and 92.8, respectively. RI (response index) was the sum of percent change in plant height at ripening, LAI, biomass and grain yield. The results showed that all 20 soybean cultivars had a negative RI, indicating inhibition by UV-B radiation on soybean growth. The RI of 6 tolerant cultivars was higher than −163.1 and 5 out of 6 originated from south China (low latitude). The RI of the most tolerant cultivars, Yunnan 97801, was −72.4. Meanwhile, the RI of 5 sensitive cultivars was lower than −256.9 and 4 out of the 5 originated from north China (high latitude). The RI of the most sensitive cultivar, Huanxianhuangdou, was −295.7. These UV-B tolerant cultivars identified in this study might be useful in breeding programs.     

Ecophysiological determinants of biomass and grain yield of wheat under P deficiency

Grain yield of crops can be expressed as a function of the intercepted radiation, the radiation use efficiency and the partitioning of above-ground biomass to grain yield (harvest index). When a wheat crop is grown under P deficiency the grain yield is reduced but it is not clear how these three components are affected. Our aim was (i) to identify which of these components were affected in spring bread wheat under P deficiency at field conditions and (ii) to relate the grain yield responses to processes of grain yield formation during the spike growth period. Three field experiments were conducted in the potentially high wheat yielding environment of southern Chile. All experiments had two levels of P availability: with (155 kg P ha⁻¹) or without P fertilization (average soil P-Olsen concentration of 10 ppm, a medium level of P availability). High wheat grain yields were obtained varying between 815 and 1222 g m⁻² with P applications. Experiments showed a grain yield reduction caused by P deficiencies of 35, 16 and 18% in experiments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. This was related (R² = 0.99, P < 0.01) to a reduction in the total above-ground biomass at harvest and not to the harvest index. Reductions in above-ground biomass were due to a reduction in radiation intercepted under P deficiency without effecting radiation use efficiency. Grain number per square meter was the main yield component (R² = 0.99, P < 0.01) that explained the grain yield reduction caused by the P deficiency which was due to low spike biomass at anthesis (R² = 0.96, P < 0.05). The reduction in spike biomass at anthesis was related (R² = 0.86, P < 0.01) to reductions in crop growth rate during the spike growth period as a consequence of a lower radiation intercepted during this period. This study showed that under high wheat yield conditions the main effect of a P deficiency on grain yield reduction was a negative impact on the total above-ground biomass due to the negative impact on intercepted radiation, particularly during the spike growth period, affecting negatively spike biomass at anthesis and consequently grain number and yield.     

安徽沿淮和淮北地区小麦穗粒重研究

为给重穗型小麦新品种选育及高产育种提供参考依据,以24个小麦品种(系)为材料,对穗粒重与产量、产量三要素及其他18个性状间的关系进行了分析。结果表明,供试品种间穗粒重、收获指数、产量及产量三要素存在着极显著差异;穗粒重与产量呈显著正相关,与穗粒数、收获指数、单茎生物产量、单茎草重呈极显著正相关,与倒三叶的面积呈显著正相关,与穗数、籽粒容重呈极显著负相关。根据穗粒重把小麦品种划分为三大类:重穗型,穗粒重≥1.8g;中穗型,穗粒重为1.4～1.8g;轻穗型,穗粒重≤1.4g。沿淮和淮北地区可通过着重提高穗粒数、同步提高单茎生物产量与收获指数的途径提高穗粒重。     

Analysis of yield-attributing traits for high-yielding wheat lines in southwestern Japan

Development of wheat cultivars that achieve high yields despite the short growing season is essential for increasing wheat production in southwestern Japan. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic progress in grain yield and to clarify yield-attributing traits of high-yielding wheat lines in southwestern Japan. We conducted field experiments for two growing seasons (2012–2013 and 2013–2014) using three commercial wheat cultivars (Shiroganekomugi, Chikugoizumi, and Iwainodaichi) and four high-yielding wheat lines including Hakei W1380 developed in southwestern Japan. In an ancillary field experiment, we compared a commercial cultivar, Shiroganekomugi, and a high-yielding line, Hakei W1380, in the 2014–2015 season. Across the two seasons, grain yield of high-yielding lines was generally higher than commercial cultivars. Hakei W1380 achieved the highest grain yield across the two seasons, and successfully produced more than 900 g m^?2 in the 2013–2014 season. Correlation analysis showed that recent yield progress of wheat lines in southwestern Japan was derived from enhanced biomass production and grain number m^?2. Larger numbers of grains m^?2 in high-yielding lines than in commercial cultivars were associated with higher crop growth rate at the pre-anthesis stage, and therefore higher spike dry weight m^?2 at anthesis. Genotypic differences in crop growth rate from jointing to anthesis resulted mainly from differences in leaf area index. These results indicate that further improvements in grain yield in southwestern Japan could be achieved by increasing the amount of radiation intercepted at the pre-anthesis stage and grain number m^?2.     

小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量关系的初步研究

【目的】研究小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量的关系,探讨淮北地区高产小麦品种适宜的株型结构。【方法】以10个小麦品种（系）为试验材料,研究不同品种（系）的株型性状（株高、穗长、穗颈长、例二节长、倒三节长、倒四节长、基部节间长与冠层上三叶长、宽、面积、单茎上三叶面积、高效LAI）与产量相关性状（产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、经济系数）及生物学产量之间的相关性。【结果】产量与旗叶宽、旗叶面积、倒二叶宽、穗长呈显著或极显著正相关;而株型性状中仅有高效LAI与生物学产量相关达到极显著水平。【结论】安徽淮北地区高产小麦适宜的株型及群体：在较高经济系数的前提下,穗数675万/hm2以上,株高80cm左右,穗长10cm以上,穗颈长30cm左右,基部节间长不超过50cm;叶片短、宽、挺,旗叶长17～21cm,旗叶宽1．4～1．6cm;倒二叶长19～25cm,倒二叶宽1.3～1．5cm;倒三叶长19—26cm,倒三叶宽1．3～1．6cm,高效LAI4．5～5．0;“控株-增穗-增叶”可能是安徽淮北地区小麦实现超高产的有效途径。     

Physiological and Agronomic Consequences of Rht Genes in Wheat

Summary

Yield of wheat has risen dramatically and world-wide in the last two decades, in part because of the widespread introduction of Rht genes that reduce the length of tillers of wheat. We review the physiological consequences of incorporating reduced height genes into wheat. The Rht₁ or Rht₂ genes modulate the morphology and physiology of wheat in a manner that involves compensation among several physiological processes. For instance, Rht genes decrease leaf area, but photosynthesis per unit area increases, so biomass accumulation is rarely altered. Although Rht genes increase leaf permeability to water vapor, plant water status changes in compensation to minimize differences in water use efficiency. Perhaps due to less competition for carbohydrate during stem elongation, semidwarf wheat has greater harvest index than tall wheat at maturity. Although tall wheat has a greater weight per kernel at maturity, this does not completely compensate for greater grain number per spike in semidwarf wheat. The compensation that leads to greater yield in semidwarf wheat appears to fail in Rht₁Rht₂ or Rht₃ dwarf wheat. Either specific photosynthesis does not completely compensate for decreased area per leaf, or the reduction in plant height retards canopy closure and efficient interception of solar radiation, resulting in lower biomass and yield of dwarf wheat. Drought stress reduces yield and harvest index of dwarf wheat more than tall wheat. Rht genes have insignificant effects on rate of development or winter hardiness. The effects of Rht genes on physiology appear to be similar in winter, spring and durum wheat.     

粮棉轮作模式下播期播量对棉茬小麦生长发育和产量的影响

为明确粮棉轮作两年三熟模式下棉茬小麦适宜的播期和播量,采用田间裂区试验,研究了不同播期(10月15日、10月25日和11月5日)和播量(187.5kg·hm~(-2)、225.0kg·hm~(-2)、262.5kg·hm~(-2)和300.0kg·hm~(-2))对小麦生长发育、产量及其相关性状的影响。结果表明,在拔节期,小麦叶面积随着播期的推迟而下降;在孕穗期,10月25日播期时,播量过大(300.0kg·hm~(-2))会降低小麦叶面积;在扬花期,11月5日播期时,播量过小(187.5kg·hm~(-2))会降低小麦叶面积。随着播期的推迟,小麦生物量逐渐降低,且随小麦生长发育推移,播期对小麦生物量的影响程度逐渐降低。晚播可以提高小麦灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量,延缓叶片衰老。播期推迟会降低小麦拔节期、扬花期和成熟期的茎蘖数,播量增加会提高小麦的茎蘖数。随着播期的推迟,小麦的成穗数下降,从而导致产量降低。穗数对小麦的产量贡献最大。增加播量使小麦穗粒数和千粒重下降,但穗数增加,所以相同播期时,播量对小麦的产量没有显著影响。本试验中,以播期10月15日、播量262.5kg·hm~(-2)产量最高。建议棉茬小麦适当早播,如果播期推迟,则应适量提高播量以保证产量。     

载人航天环境下开花前后光照强度对小麦生长发育及生产效率的影响

为了提高受控生态生保系统(CELSS)的能量利用效率,研究了在受控环境下开花前后光照强度对春小麦生长发育及生产效率的影响。结果表明,提高开花前光照强度(IBF)可显著缩短春小麦生育期;开花后光照强度(IAF)对小麦生育进程影响不显著。IBF的增强有利于春小麦营养体的构建,小麦籽粒产量有所提高,但小麦收获指数、粒叶比和能效比显著降低。IAF增强使小麦叶片光合速率、籽粒产量、收获指数、粒叶比和能效比均显著提高。高IBF下小麦籽粒产量的增加主要是因为提高了每株穗数和穗粒数,而高IAF下小麦籽粒产量的增加主要是因为提高了粒重。IBF和IAF提高均使得春小麦籽粒淀粉含量增加,蛋白质含量减少。高IBF对小麦产量的促进作用有限,而低IBF+高IAF的光照策略可以显著提高小麦的源库协调性和能量利用效率,可作为载人航天CELSS小麦培养的光照方案。     

施肥和群体密度对春小麦产量与品质形成的调控效应

为给春小麦养分科学管理提供参考,采用大田小区试验,以春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为材料,研究了肥料施用量对小麦不同密度群体籽粒产量与品质形成的调控效应。结果表明,施肥与群体密度对春小麦产量具有明显的互作效应。低施肥水平下,春小麦产量随群体密度的增加而增加;中高施肥水平下,产量随群体密度增加出现波动,但均高于低施肥水平的产量。群体密度的增加降低了收获穗数饱和度、穗粒数及籽粒面筋含量,但增加了籽粒容重;施肥量的增加提高了穗粒数、千粒重和面筋含量;群体密度和施肥量对小麦加工品质的影响较为复杂,且对不同基因型品种的调控效应不同。     

稻茬小麦中高产水平下产量及其构成因素分析

小麦在我国粮食生产中占有重要地位,提高小麦产量是解决我国粮食安全问题的主要途径。小麦产量由穗数、穗粒数和千粒重三个因素构成,小麦产量的高低取决于产量构成因素的配置。为探究稻茬小麦中高产水平下的合理产量结构配置,本研究通过文献检索获取2001-2011年稻茬小麦产量及其构成因素相关文献,并对中高产水平小麦产量及其构成因素的数据进行了统计和变异分析、相关分析、偏相关分析以及通径分析。结果表明,产量构成因素的变异系数为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重;产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为穗数＞千粒重＞穗粒数;偏相关分析显示,3个产量构成因素与产量均呈极显著正相关,偏相关系数大小为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重,产量构成因素间均呈极显著负相关;产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数均为正值,大小顺序为穗数＞穗粒数＞千粒重,产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数均为负值。根据中高产水平小麦产量结构的特点,在稻茬小麦的选育与栽培过程中,应以穗数为主导因素,协调穗数与穗粒数的关系,稳定千粒重。     

不同春生叶龄期追氮对冬小麦产量形成和抗倒性能的影响

为明确兼顾冬小麦高产和抗倒伏的春季最佳追氮时期,设置品种、追氮期二因素裂区试验,其中,2015-2016年以山农16（SN16）和石新828（SX828）2个品种为主区,2016-2017年以藁优2018（GY2018）、科农2009（KN2009）和石4366（SH4366）3个品种为主区,两年均以春3、4、5、6叶伸出时分别追施总施N量240 kg·hm^-2中的50%氮肥（分别用N3～N6表示）为副区。在关键生育时期调查群体总茎数,成熟期调查茎秆抗倒伏相关性状及产量构成因素。结果表明,拔节至孕穗期一般以N3或N4处理总茎数最多,开花至成熟期一般以N4处理的穗数最多,N5处理的成穗率最高;孕穗期至开花后24 d,N4处理的叶面积指数（LAI）最大,N6处理的最小;大部分品种以N4处理的株高最高,不同叶龄期追氮处理的重心高度则因品种而异;N4处理小麦基部第2节间最长,节间充实度和机械强度最小,N3和N4处理的抗倒指数最低。抗倒指数和机械强度与株高、重心高度、节间长度均呈极显著负相关,与节间直径、茎壁厚度和充实度均呈极显著正相关。不同叶龄期追氮对每公顷穗数和穗粒数的影响较小,大部分小麦品种以N4处理的穗数最多,且施氮处理间的差异一般不显著。石新828和藁优2018各施氮处理千粒重的差异不显著,另外3个品种N4处理的千粒重高于其他处理。5个品种中除藁优2018以N5处理的籽粒产量最高外,其他品种均以N4处理的籽粒产量最高,且均与N5处理的差异不显著。综合来看,春4叶期追氮产量性状最优而倒伏风险最大;春5叶期追氮的籽粒产量与春4叶期追氮的差异不显著,但其抗倒能力显著提高,可以兼顾高产和抗倒伏,因此,春5叶期为河北平原春季最佳追氮时期。在灌水条件常成为限制因素的该地区小麦生产中,春4叶至春5叶期根据水源情况灌水和随水追施氮肥,都是比较适宜的。     

不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99济麦22烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。     

Radiation effects on potential number of grains per spike and biomass partitioning in two- and six-rowed near isogenic barley lines

The critical period for yield determination in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is situated in the pre-heading phases. During the latest part of the critical period one of the most important yield components (i.e. the number of grains per spike) is set in two- and six-rowed barley. In wheat, much is known about the role of the spike in assimilate acquisition for the establishment of grains per spike, but not in barley. This paper evaluates how biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive organs impacts floret development and primordia survival in response to radiation during different periods in the crop cycle, in barley lines. Field experiments were carried out using two- and six-rowed near isogenic barley lines differing only in spike type. Shading treatments were applied at different periods during the crop cycle (from 60 to 15 days before and after heading) reducing the intercepted radiation (ca. 70%). Dynamics of floret primordia initiation and mortality and of floret development for different spikelet positions along the spike were measured, and biomass partitioning between vegetative and reproductive structures was calculated.

Pre-heading shading reduced fertile florets per spike (P < 0.001). In the immediate pre-heading treatment, distal floret primordia could not reach a fertile floret stage due to a low rate of floral development.

The amount of assimilates partitioned to the spike at heading affected the number of fertile florets per spike in both barley types. However, when spike biomass at heading was corrected by nitrogen concentration, the fitness of the relationship did not improve in relation to the first one. In relative terms, radiation restrictions during the immediate pre-heading phase increased the amount of biomass partitioned to the growing spike.     

四川盆地弱光照生态区小麦超高产技术途径分析

为提升四川盆地弱光照生态区小麦产量潜力,基于2005-2012年系列控制性试验和农民高产跟踪田数据,系统分析了该区域限制小麦高产的关键因子及实现超高产(9t·hm-2以上)的技术途径.结果表明,小麦籽粒产量与单位面积穗数呈极显著正相关关系,但相关程度随产量水平的提升而下降(y=-0.151x+1.453,R2 =0.329,P＜0.05),9 t·hm 2以上时穗粒数和千粒重成为产量高低的决定性因素.籽粒产量普遍与生物产量、收获指数、生物生产率、籽粒生产率呈显著正相关,与抽穗期、全生育期呈显著负相关,与最高茎数、分蘖力和成穗率的相关程度则因试验不同而存在较大差异.籽粒产量与群体干重、叶面积指数等群体指标的相关程度:开花期＞拔节期＞苗期.高产田分蘖、拔节期的群体干重与中高产田相当甚至略低,但在开花期,高产田的干物质积累量显著高于中高产田,且个体质量也更高,着重反映在单茎绿叶数、旗叶SPAD值、单茎叶面积等指标上.根据上述结果和四川盆地生态条件,提出了在弱光照生态条件下小麦实现超高产的技术途径、阶段指标和关键技术.     

6-BA对小麦开花期渍害的缓减效应

为了解6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)对小麦开花期渍害的减缓效应,在大田条件下,于2012-2013和2013-2014年度,以郑麦9023为材料,研究了开花期喷施BA对小麦光合、干物积累及产量的影响。结果表明,开花期渍水使小麦两年分别减产51.4%和52.3%,减产的主要原因是千粒重和穗粒数降低,尤其是千粒重的下降,而穗粒数的减少主要归因于弱势粒的减少(两年分别减少21.4%和71.4%)。渍水前喷施6-BA处理比渍水处理显著增产,两年分别增产7.8%和31.6%,增产的主要原因是提高了千粒重和穗粒数。渍水前喷施6-BA可提高旗叶光合速率及SPAD值、干物质积累总量及收获指数,缓减旗叶及倒三叶衰老。说明渍水前喷施6-BA可通过促进小麦光合作用和干物质积累及其向籽粒的分配,减缓渍水对产量形成的不利影响。     

Using stress tolerance indicator (STI) to select high grain yield iron-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes in calcareous soils

Despite large variation among crop genotypes in response to Fe fertilization, there is no reliable indicator for identifying Fe-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes with high grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to compare the grain yield response of 20 spring and 30 winter bread wheat genotypes to Fe fertilization under field conditions and to select high grain yield Fe-deficiency tolerant genotypes using a stress tolerance indicator (STI). Two individual trials, each one consisting two field plot experiments, were conducted during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons. Spring wheat genotypes (Trial l) and winter wheat genotypes (Trial 2) were planted at two different locations. Two Fe rates (0 and 20 kg Fe ha⁻¹ as Fe-EDTA) were applied. Spring and winter wheat genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the grain yield both with and without added Fe treatments. Application of Fe fertilizer increased grain yield of spring wheat genotypes by an average of 211 and 551 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan locations, respectively. By Fe application, the mean grain yield of winter wheat genotypes increased 532 and 798 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan sites, respectively. Iron efficiency (Fe-EF) significantly differed among wheat genotypes and ranged from 65% to 113% for spring wheat and from 69% to 125% for winter wheat genotypes. No significant correlation was found between Fe-EF and grain yield of spring wheat genotypes under Fe deficient conditions. For winter wheat genotypes grown in Mashhad, Fe-efficiency was not significantly correlated with the grain yield produced without added Fe treatment. The STI was significantly (P < 0.01) varied among spring and winter wheat genotypes. The interaction between location and genotype had no significant effect on the STI. According to these results, the STI should be considered as an effective criterion for screening programs, if a high potential grain yield together with more stable response to Fe fertilization in different environments is desired.     

土壤水分下限对固定道垄作小麦生长及产量的影响

为确定固定道垄作小麦生长和高产的适宜土壤水分下限,通过田间裂区试验,设置了4个土壤水分下限水平(分别为计划湿润层土壤田间持水量的40%、55%、70%和85%),研究了传统耕作和固定道垄作方式下土壤水分下限对小麦叶面积系数、干物质积累、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,固定道垄作栽培能够明显提高小麦的叶面积指数和促进干物质积累,增加产量和水分利用效率。在土壤水分下限为田间持水量的70%时,固定道垄作栽培的小麦叶面积指数和干物质积累量较大,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量最大,水分利用效率也较高。综合来看,在河西绿洲灌区,固定道垄作小麦的适宜土壤水分下限为田间持水量的70%。     

UV-B辐射增加对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响

为了研究UV-B辐射对小麦产量及其构成因素的影响,通过增加UV-B,对小麦品种宁麦2号的有关性状的变化进行了调查分析。结果表明,UV-B增加能显著降低小麦产量,产量下降的主要原因是每穗粒数币口单位面积穗数下降,粒重的变化未达到显著水平。比较小麦同一花位的粒重,UV-B增加导致小麦粒重显著下降,同时导致粒重较低的高花位籽粒数减少。由于UV-B增加显著降低小麦粒重的效应被高花位籽粒教减少所抵消,所以最终平均粒重的变化未达到显著水平。     

不同播期下小麦冬春性品种小花结实特性 及其与植株生长性状的关系

冬、春性小麦品种早播（9月30日）、适播（10月30日）的总小花数、可孕小花数及结实粒数均极显著高于晚播（3月2日）。晚播对春性品种小花分化发育与结实的不利影响小于冬性品种。穗粒数的多少与可孕小花数及其结实率密切相关,而与总小花数及其结实率无明显联系;同时大穗多粒基因型也以较高的可孕小花结实率为生理基础。孕穗期小花数均与叶面积、叶片重、叶鞘重和总干物重呈显著或极显著正相关,而与茎高的相关不显著。此外,冬、春性品种的结实粒数均与成熟期茎叶重、总单茎重、结实小穗数、穗长和穗粒重之间呈极显著正相关,表明良好、协调的营养生长与生殖生长的关系是改善小花发育质量、提高穗粒数的根本保证。