| 甲基二磺隆对小麦药害的早期诊断 |
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| 引用本文： | 李涛,孟丹丹,杨伟萍,郭水良,范洁群.甲基二磺隆对小麦药害的早期诊断[J].农药学学报,2022,24(4):805-811. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李涛 孟丹丹 杨伟萍 郭水良 范洁群 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.上海市农业科学院，上海 201403 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500)；上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划[沪农科卓(2022)017]. |
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| 摘 要： | 对当茬和后茬作物的药害是磺酰脲类除草剂应用的重要限制因素。甲基二磺隆是麦田常用的磺酰脲类除草剂之一，为了早期诊断其对小麦的药害，采用温室盆栽试验测定了不同剂量甲基二磺隆对小麦株高、地上部分鲜重、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、最大光量子产量(Fv/Fm)和根系形态的影响。结果表明:30 g/L甲基二磺隆可分散油悬浮剂(OD)按有效成分剂量9~45 g/hm2施用后10 d，小麦才表现出肉眼可见的矮化和生长抑制症状；但其MDA含量、Pro含量、可溶性糖含量、Fv/Fm和根系形态在喷施甲基二磺隆后5 d就已经表现出明显的变化，其中小麦MDA和Pro含量随甲基二磺隆施用剂量的加大而增加，当施药剂量≥27 g/hm2时，MDA和Pro含量均显著高于清水对照；可溶性糖和Fv/Fm对甲基二磺隆胁迫的响应更敏感，当施药剂量≥9 g/hm2时，可溶性糖含量显著高于清水对照，而Fv/Fm则显著低于清水对照；喷施甲基二磺隆9~45 g/hm2各剂量处理均可抑制小麦根尖数、总根长、总根表面积和总根体积。综合以上结果，MDA、Pro、可溶性糖、Fv/Fm和根系形态可作为早期诊断甲基二磺隆对小麦药害的敏感指标。
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| 关 键 词： | 甲基二磺隆 小麦 药害 早期诊断 丙二醛 脯氨酸 可溶性糖 最大光量子产量 (Fv/Fm) 根系形态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-10 |
Early diagnosis of mesosulfuron-methyl phytotoxicity on wheat |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China2.College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China3.Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station of Zhangyan Town, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201514, China |
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| Abstract: | The phytotoxicity to current and subsequent crops is an important factor affecting the application of sulfonylurea herbicides. Mesosulfuron-methyl is one of the commonly used herbicides in wheat fields. For early diagnosis of phytotoxicity on wheat by mesosulfuron-methyl, the plant height, shoot fresh weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline (Pro) content, soluble sugar content, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and root morphology were determined by a dose-response experiment in the greenhouse. The results showed that the wheat seedlings did not show dwarfing and inhibition until 10 days after mesosulfuron-methyl 30g/L OD (9-45 g/hm2) application. However, the contents of MDA, Pro, and soluble sugar, Fv/Fm, and root morphology had shown obvious changes 5 days after mesosulfuron-methyl application. The contents of MDA and Pro increased with the increase of mesosulfuron-methyl dosages. After being treated with mesosulfuron-methyl at 27 g/hm2 or more, the contents of MDA and Pro were significantly higher than control. The content of soluble sugar and Fv/Fm were more sensitive to the stress of mesosulfuron-methyl. After being treated with mesosulfuron-methyl at 9 g/hm2 or more, the soluble sugar content was significantly higher than control, while the Fv/Fm was significantly lower than control. Mesosulfuron-methyl applied at 9-45 g/hm2 also reduced the number of root tips, total root length, total root surface area, and total root volume of wheat seedlings. MDA, Pro, soluble sugar, Fv/Fm, and root morphology can be used as sensitive indicators for early diagnosis of mesosulfuron-methyl phytotoxicity on wheat seedlings. |
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