| 韭菜灰霉病防治烟剂的筛选与评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 高皓杰,张兰云,李桐桐,赵时峰,李北兴,慕卫,刘峰.韭菜灰霉病防治烟剂的筛选与评价[J].农药学学报,2022,24(2):315-325. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高皓杰 张兰云 李桐桐 赵时峰 李北兴 慕卫 刘峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学 植物保护学院，山东 泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省蔬菜产业技术体系(SDAIT-05). |
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| 摘 要： | 为筛选适合制备安全、高效防治韭菜上灰霉病烟剂的杀菌剂品种,从原药抑菌活性、烟雾毒力作用、成烟率、安全性和田间防效5个方面,对9种常用杀菌剂制备成韭菜灰霉病防治烟剂的可行性进行了评价.室内毒力测定结果表明:氟啶胺、咯菌腈和啶菌噁唑抑制韭菜灰霉病菌菌丝生长的EC50值分别为0.13、0.05和0.12 mg/L;吡唑萘菌胺...
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| 关 键 词： | 烟剂 韭菜 灰霉病 啶酰菌胺 咯菌腈 腐霉利 防治效果 残留 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-08-24 |
Screening and evaluation of smoke generators to control gray mold of Chinese chives |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong Province, China2.Agricultural Technology Service Center of Linzi District, Zibo 255400, Shandong Province, China3.Shenxian Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Liaocheng 252400, Shandong Province, China |
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| Abstract: | Effective and safe smoke generators were urgently needed to control gray mold of Chinese chives. In this study, the feasibility of processing nine commonly used fungicides into smoke generator was evaluated from five aspects: inhibition activity of active compounds, toxicity of smoke, smoke formation rate, safety, and field control. The inhibition activity of active compounds results showed that EC50 values of fluazinam, fludioxonil, and pyrisoxazole against mycelial growth were 0.13, 0.05, and 0.12 mg/L; EC50 values of pyrazolamide, fluopyram, and boscalid against conidial germination were 0.84, 0.68, and 1.16 mg/L. In a 0.108 m3 containment device, the toxicity of the smoke of fungicides at the same dose of 0.01 g was tested, the results showed that with the same dose of 0.01 g, the mycelial growth were completely inhibited by smoked fludioxonil, while the conidial germination was completely inhibited by smoked pyrazolamide, fluopyram, and boscalid, the inhibition rates of registered procymidone smoke generator against mycelial growth and conidial germination were 54.39% and 43.27%. The smoking rate of fludioxonil, boscalid, and fluopyram were 85.93%, 91.35%, and 82.86%, which conform to the criterion of active ingredient for fabricating smoke generators. Seven days after fungicide smokes treatment, there was no significant difference in plant height and stem diameter of Chinese chives compared with the untreated control. The results of the field trials in 2019 and 2020 showed that the curative efficacy of active ingredient of 120 g/hm2 fludioxonil smoke generator to gray mold were 72.31% and 79.78%, and the curative efficacy of active ingredient of 375 g/hm2 boscalid smoke generator to gray mold were 81.17% and 83.81%. Their curative efficacy was all higher than the procymidone smoke generator at the highest registered dose (the active ingredient of 450 g/hm2), in the treatment of grey mold of Chinese chives (59.86% and 63.71%). At the above doses, the preventative efficacies of three smoke generators to control gray mold were all above 90%. The dissipation dynamics of curves of the fludioxonil and boscalid were both in line with the first-order kinetic equation. The both half-lives of fludioxonil and boscalid in Chinese chives plant were 3-4 d. It is recommended that fludioxonil and boscalid are processed into smoke generators and registered for the prevention and control of gray mold of Chinese chives. |
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