| 长枝木霉T6生防菌剂发酵条件优化及其对辣椒立枯病的防治效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 景芳,张树武,刘佳,徐秉良.长枝木霉T6生防菌剂发酵条件优化及其对辣椒立枯病的防治效果[J].中国生物防治学报,2020,36(1):113-124. |
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| 作者姓名： | 景芳 张树武 刘佳 徐秉良 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学植物保护学院/甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室, 兰州 730070;2. 定西市农业科学研究院, 定西 743000 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省国际科技合作专项（1604WKCA010）；陇原青年创新创业人才项目（LYRC2019-35）；甘肃省杰出青年基金（18JR3RA161）；甘肃省农牧厅生物技术专项（GNSW-2013-19） |
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| 摘 要： | 为优化拮抗菌长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6生防菌剂的固体发酵条件，本研究以生产中的废弃物草炭、蛭石、牛粪为主要培养基成分，采用单因素试验和响应面法，对长枝木霉T6生防菌剂在不同发酵条件下的产孢量进行测定并优化，分析了含水量、接种量、透气性等因子对该菌株生长的影响，并通过盆栽试验研究了该木霉菌剂对辣椒植株生长的影响及其对辣椒立枯病防治效果。单因素试验表明：长枝木霉T6生防菌剂产孢量的最优发酵条件为含水量60%、接种量30%、透气性9层纱布、温度28℃、pH 5.6，通过试验分析，并确定含水量、接种量、透气性为影响产孢量的3个重要因素；响应面分析得到最佳发酵条件：含水量64%、接种量27%、透气性9层纱布，在此优化条件下产孢量高达8.4×108 cfu/g。从促生效果来看，土壤与木霉菌剂50：1的处理表现出较强的促生作用，与对照1（不施任何肥料）相比，其株高、地上鲜重、根系鲜重、基部茎粗、根系长度的相对增长率分别为54.90%、82.46%、89.19%、56.41%和46.62%；盆栽试验表现为施入木霉菌剂的辣椒粗壮、高大，叶片深绿，根系发达。在病害防治试验中发现，长枝木霉T6生防菌剂对辣椒立枯病具有良好的防治效果，可有效控制病害的蔓延，防效达到54.8%，与化学农药多菌灵相比，相对防效提高了12.5%。
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| 关 键 词： | 长枝木霉 响应面法 固体发酵 立枯病 防治效果 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-17 |
Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions of Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and Its Efficiency against Pepper Blight |
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| JING Fang,ZHANG Shuwu,LIU Jia,XU Bingliang.Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions of Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 and Its Efficiency against Pepper Blight[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2020,36(1):113-124. |
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| Authors: | JING Fang ZHANG Shuwu LIU Jia XU Bingliang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Province Crop Disease and Pests Biological Control Enginnering Laboratory, Lanzhou 730070, China;2. Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi 743000, China |
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| Abstract: | To optimize solid-state fermentation conditions for biocontrol agent Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6, the agricultural recycled waste by product grass charcoal, vermiculite, cow dung were used as the main medium components and measuring and optimizing the number of spores production of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 biocontrol agent by single factor tests and response surface methodology. The effects of moisture content, inoculation amount and air permeability on growth of the strain T6 were analyzed comprehensively. Subsequently, the effects of fermentation products on pepper growth and their biocontrol efficiency against pepper blight in pot experiment were detected, respectively. Our results of single factor tests demonstrated that the optimal fermentation conditions were moisture content of 60%, inoculation amount of 30%, air permeability is 9 layer gauze, temperature 28℃, pH 5.6. The results of comprehensive comparison showed that the effects of moisture content, inoculation amount and breathability on the spores production of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 were significant among the five factors. The optimum fermentation conditions were obtained by response surface analysis that moisture content of 64%, inoculation amount of 27%, air permeability is 9 layer gauze. Under these optimal conditions, the highest sporulation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 could be 8.80841×108 cfu/g. Importantly, the treatment of pepper with soil and T. longibrachiatum T6 biocontrol agent 50:1 showed a strong effect of promoting the growth. Compared with control 1 (without any fertilizer), the relative growth rates of plant height, the ground fresh weight, root fresh weight, base stem diameter and root length were 54.90%, 82.46%, 89.19%, 56.41% and 46.62%, respectively. Finally, in the pot experiment, the pepper treated with T6 was thick and tall, with dark green leaves and developed roots. At the same time, the treatment of pepper with T. longibrachiatum T6 biocontrol agent could significantly control the disease spread and the control efficiency against pepper blight could be 54.8%, which was increased by 12.5% of the treatment with the chemicai agent carbendazol using the same treatment methods. |
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| Keywords: | Trichoderma spp response surface methodology solid-state fermentation blight control efficiency |
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