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基于Ecopath模型的胶州湾生态系统比较研究
引用本文:马孟磊,徐姗楠,许友伟,张魁,袁伟,陈作志.基于Ecopath模型的胶州湾生态系统比较研究[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(2):413-422.
作者姓名:马孟磊  徐姗楠  许友伟  张魁  袁伟  陈作志
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业部南海外海渔业开发重点实验室;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452904);广东省自然科学基金项目(2015A030313785);广州市科技计划项目珠江科技新星专项(2014J2200020).
摘    要:文章根据2015–2016年胶州湾渔业资源与生态环境调查数据,并收集20世纪80年代胶州湾渔业资源数据,利用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5(Ew E)软件构建了由21个功能组组成的胶州湾1980-1982年和2015-2016年两个时期的Ecopath模型,比较分析了不同时期胶州湾生态系统结构和功能变化以及系统发育特征。研究结果显示,与1980-1982年生态系统相比,胶州湾2015-2016年生态系统中大型底层鱼类生物量减少,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)生物量提高,渔获物产出以菲律宾蛤仔为主,渔获平均营养级降低,系统能量转化效率从1980-1982年的15.83%提高到2015-2016年的16.35%,能量流动始终以牧食食物链为主。关键种分析表明,胶州湾生态系统两个时期的关键种均为菲律宾蛤仔。此外,与1980-1982年生态系统相比,2015-2016年胶州湾生态系统整体规模增大,净生产量提高5倍,系统总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值由1980-1982年的1.267提高到2015-2016年的2.518,系统连接指数、杂食指数与Finn’s循环指数和平均路径长度均减小,说明在过去30多年胶州湾生态系统成熟度和稳定性不断降低,发育过程出现由成熟向幼态的逆行演替现象,目前处于不稳定的幼态阶段。

关 键 词:Ecopath模型  胶州湾  结构和功能  生态系统特征
修稿时间:2018/4/24 0:00:00

Comparative study of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem based on an Ecopath model
MA Menglei,XU Shannan,XU Youwei,ZHANG Kui,YUAN Wei,CHEN Zuozhi.Comparative study of Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem based on an Ecopath model[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(2):413-422.
Authors:MA Menglei  XU Shannan  XU Youwei  ZHANG Kui  YUAN Wei  CHEN Zuozhi
Affiliation:1. Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;2. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Abstract:Based on survey data from fishery resources and on the ecological environment in the Jiaozhou Bay during 2015-2016 and 1980-1982, we constructed ecosystem models of Jiaozhou Bay for these two periods using Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 software. The models of the Jiaozhou Bay consisted of 21 functional groups. Based on the two models, we compared and analyzed the differences in ecosystem structure, function, and attributes. The trophic structure of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem in 2015-2016 had changed, with a decrease in the proportion of top predator biomass and an increase in the proportion of Ruditapes philippinarum biomass. The main catch product was R. philippinarum, and the mean trophic level of fishery catch had reduced. The energy flow of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem was mainly dominated by a grazing food chain, and the system-energy-transfer efficiencies increased from 15.83% in 1980-1982 to 16.35% in 2015-2016. Analysis of the keystones species for Jiaozhou bay ecosystem indicated that R. philippinarum is a keystones species in both the 1980-1982 and 2015-2016 periods. Compared with the 1980s ecosystem, the scale of the Jiaozhou Bay system had increased and the net system production increased by 5 times by 2015. The parameters of the ratio of total primary production to total respiration increased from 1.267 in 1980-1982 to 2.518 in 2015-2016. In addition, the connectance index, system omnivory index, and Finn''s cycling index decreased from the 1980s to 2015-2016. In conclusion, the maturity and stability of the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem has been reduced over the past 30 years, and the system has shown a trend moving from a mature stage to an immature stage. In short, the Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem is currently in an unstable, young stage.
Keywords:Ecopath modelling  Jiaozhou Bay  structure and function  ecosystem attributes
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