| 基于环境DNA宏条形码的鄱阳湖真核浮游植物多样性研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭 婷,付智豪,周春花,陈金萍,欧阳珊,吴小平.基于环境DNA宏条形码的鄱阳湖真核浮游植物多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志,2023,44(5):67-75. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭 婷 付智豪 周春花 陈金萍 欧阳珊 吴小平 |
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| 作者单位： | 南昌大学生命科学学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 江西省大学生创新创业训练计划重点项目(202210403062)；国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓”重点专项(2018YFD0900801） |
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| 摘 要： | 浮游植物作为水生生态系统的重要组成部分，其群落和分布特征可以反映水体的环境变化和营养状态。环境DNA宏条形码技术将传统的基于领域的生态学与深入的分子方法和先进的计算工具结合在一起，这在生物多样性的研究中具有巨大的优势。本研究旨在采用环境DNA宏条形码技术对鄱阳湖浮游植物多样性的组成及空间分布进行研究。于2019年的4月采集鄱阳湖环境水样，每个样点重复3次采集。使用0.45 μm的混合纤维素滤膜对水样进行真空抽滤。用试剂盒DNeasy? Blood & Tissue Kit进行滤膜DNA的提取，使用通用引物1380F：5’-TCCCTGCCHTTTGTACACAC-3’和1510R：5’-CCTTCYGCAGGTTCACCTAC-3’针对真核浮游植物 18S rDNA 基因的 V9 区域进行PCR扩增，高通量测序并结合生物信息学技术分析鄱阳湖浮游植物的群落组成。基于环境DNA宏条形码技术鉴定到浮游植物10门24纲54目101科166属，其中绿藻门和硅藻门种类较为丰富，检测到的属明显多于传统方法检测到的。中部区域的浮游植物群落多样性和均匀度较高，且鄱阳湖浮游植物整体丰富度较高。NMDS分析阐明，中部和北部区域( p = 0.004)、南部和北部区域之间群落结构差异显著( p = 0.011)。冗余分析表明，叶绿素a (Chl-a)、pH、流速(V)对各区域的浮游植物群落影响较显著。本研究使用环境DNA宏条形码技术评估了鄱阳湖浮游植物生物多样性，证明了环境DNA宏条形码技术检测浮游植物群落结构的可行性。环境DNA宏条形码作为一种新兴的生物多样性监测手段，其可用于快速检测鄱阳湖浮游植物生物多样性及其空间分布，为鄱阳湖生物多样性监测以及生态系统健康评估提供新的技术手段。
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| 关 键 词： | 环境DNA宏条形码 浮游植物 多样性 群落结构 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/12/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/9/18 0:00:00 |
Diversity of Eukaryotic Phytoplankton in Poyang Lake based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding |
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| GUO Ting,FU Zhi-hao,ZHOU Chun-hu,CHEN Jin-ping,OUYANG Shan,WU Xiao-ping.Diversity of Eukaryotic Phytoplankton in Poyang Lake based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2023,44(5):67-75. |
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| Authors: | GUO Ting FU Zhi-hao ZHOU Chun-hu CHEN Jin-ping OUYANG Shan WU Xiao-ping |
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| Affiliation: | College of Life Science |
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| Abstract: | In this study, the new technology of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was used to explore the phytoplankton community in Poyang Lake, focusing on species composition, spatial distribution, and community diversity. We aimed to provide basic data for the application and standardization of eDNA for monitoring aquatic ecosystems. Poyang Lake was divided into three regions and a total of 18 sampling sites were selected, including the channel connecting north Poyang Lake to the Yangtze River (Site 1-6), central Poyang Lake (Site 7-12) and the aquaculture area of south Poyang Lake (Site 13-18). Water samples were collected in triplicate at each sampling site during April of 2019. The V9 region of the 18S rDNA gene in eukaryotic phytoplankton was amplified and high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics were used to analyze the community composition of phytoplankton in Poyang Lake. A total of 2 135 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) of phytoplankton were obtained, consisting of 188 phytoplankton species from 166 genera, 101 families, 54 orders, 24 classes and 10 phyla. Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta had high species richness. The phytoplankton community richness in Poyang Lake was generally high, and community diversity and evenness were higher in the central area of Poyang Lake. Non-metric multidimensional scale (NMDS) analysis shows that there were significant differences in the phytoplankton community structure between central and northern Poyang Lake (P=0.004), and between the southern and northern areas (P=0.011). Redundancy analysis (RDA) shows that chlorophyll-a, pH, and flow velocity greatly effected on the phytoplankton community in all areas of the lake. In conclusion, eDNA metabarcoding was used to rapidly assess phytoplankton biodiversity and spatial distribution in Poyang Lake and it provides a new and effective tool for monitoring the biodiversity and ecosystem health of Poyang Lake. |
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| Keywords: | Environmental DNA metabarcoding phytoplankton diversity community structure |
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