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三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物群落时空格局特征研究
引用本文:吴利,唐会元,龚云,杨志,朱正强,陈小娟.三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物群落时空格局特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,2021,42(1):58-65.
作者姓名:吴利  唐会元  龚云  杨志  朱正强  陈小娟
作者单位:合肥师范学院生命科学学院,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所
基金项目:水利部三峡司财政预算项目 三峡库区鱼类资源保护的生态调度综合技术研究(续2018)。
摘    要:2016年7月-2017年3月对三峡水库正常运行下库区干流浮游动物进行了调查。共鉴定浮游动物45种,其中原生动物9种,轮虫12种,枝角类13种,桡足类11种。浮游动物群落结构存在显著时空异质性,冬季浮游动物物种数最少,夏季、秋季、春季浮游动物物种数较多,密度以夏季和春季较高(96340.5 ind.L-1 和101605 ind.L-1),以秋季和冬季较低(54884 ind.L-1 和57035 ind.L-1);坝前秭归江段浮游动物密度最高,沿坝前江段溯河而上直到库尾流水江段浮游动物密度呈现降低的趋势。浮游动物优势种主要以耐污性的种类为主,物种多样性指数在时间方面以秋季最高,均匀度指数以秋季和冬季较高;空间方面,除万州调查江段,物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均呈现库首的秭归、巫山调查江段和库中的云阳调查江段〉库尾的涪陵调查江段〉回水末端的江津调查江段的趋势。聚类分析表明三峡水库蓄水运行后,浮游动物群落结构在水库的纵轴上表现出明显的分布梯度。浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温、叶绿素a、总磷、溶解氧、铜、汞、挥发酚、石油类是与三峡干流浮游动物群落结构相关性较强的环境因子。

关 键 词:浮游动物  群落结构  水质  三峡水库
收稿时间:2019/6/22 0:00:00
修稿时间:2019/10/25 0:00:00

Temporal-Spatial Distribution of the Zooplankton Community in the Main Stem of Three Gorges Reservoir under Normal Operation
WU Li,TANG Hui-yuan,GONG Yun,YANG Zhi,ZHU Zheng-qiang,CHEN Xiao-juan.Temporal-Spatial Distribution of the Zooplankton Community in the Main Stem of Three Gorges Reservoir under Normal Operation[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2021,42(1):58-65.
Authors:WU Li  TANG Hui-yuan  GONG Yun  YANG Zhi  ZHU Zheng-qiang  CHEN Xiao-juan
Affiliation:School of Life Sciences,Hefei Normal University,Institute of Hydroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Hydroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract:Zooplanktonic investigation was carried out in July 2016 and March 2017 in the mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir under its normal operation. Totally, 45 species of zooplankton were identified. Among which, Protozoa, Rotifer, Cladocera, Copepoda contained 9 species, 12 species, 13 species, 11 species, respectively. Zooplankton community structure showed significant spatial-temporal variation, winter had the lower species number, the other seasons had the higher species number. The density of zooplankton were the higher in summer and spring (96340.5 ind·L-1 and 101605 ind·L-1, respectively), and the lower density was in autumn and winter (54884 ind·L-1 and 57035 ind·L-1, respectively). The density of zooplankton was the highest in the Zigui section, and the density of zooplankton decreased from the upstream to the tailrace of the reservoir. The dominant species of zooplankton were mainly pollution-tolerant species. Shannon-Wiener index was the highest in autumn and Pielou evenness index was higher in autumn and winter. Except for the Wanzhou section, the species diversity index and evenness index show the trend of sections Zigui, Wushan, Yunyang > Fuling section> Jiangjin section. Cluster analysis showed that the zooplankton community structure showed obvious distribution gradient along the vertical axis of the reservoir after the Three Gorges impoundment operation. The zooplankton community structure was analyzed in relation to water quality parameters by redundancy analysis (RDA), water temperature (WT), and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved oxygen (DO), cuprum (Cu), hydrargyrum (Hg), volatile phenol(VP), and petroleum (PE) were strongly correlated with the zooplankton community structure.
Keywords:zooplankton  community structure  water quality  the Three Gorges Reservoir  
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