| 基于能值理论的青藏高原水电站生态影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 贤 雯,张士锋,邱 桃.基于能值理论的青藏高原水电站生态影响研究[J].水生态学杂志,2023,44(6):1-9. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贤 雯 张士锋 邱 桃 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 综合定量的评价水电工程建设及运营过程中产生的生态效应，是合理开发和运营水电站的重要前提。青藏高原是亚洲众多河流的发源地，有“亚洲水塔”的美誉。丰富的水能资源促使该地区水电事业快速发展，这可能会在一定程度上影响甚至破坏青藏高原地区脆弱的生态系统。本研究运用能值分析法，以西藏雅鲁藏布江加查水电站为例进行研究，将水电站建设、运行过程中各项资源的投入，以及因水电站建设造成的生态系统服务功能的损失纳入能值核算体系中，对水电站的生态效应进行综合定量评估。本文摸清了加查水电站的能量物质流动过程并计算得到了能值核算表，该表显示加查水电站平均每年的运行需要的能值投入为1.18×1021sej，生态系统服务年损失能值为8.40×1018sej。在此基础上计算得到加查水电站系统的环境负载率（ELR）为0.85，能值可持续指标（ESI）为3.60。青藏高原加查水电站能值的环境负载率和可持续性指标较为合理，生态影响较小。研究表明在青藏高原建设水电站是可行的，但水电站的开发规划必须遵循适度开发、生态为先的原则。
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| 关 键 词： | 青藏高原 水电站 能值分析 生态效应 生态系统服务功能 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/7/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/11/19 0:00:00 |
Emergy Evaluation of the Ecological Impacts of Hydropower Stations on the Tibetan Plateau |
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| XIAN Wen,ZHANG Shi-feng,QIU Tao.Emergy Evaluation of the Ecological Impacts of Hydropower Stations on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2023,44(6):1-9. |
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| Authors: | XIAN Wen ZHANG Shi-feng QIU Tao |
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| Affiliation: | Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | A systematic and quantitative evaluation of the ecological effects due to construction and operation of hydropower projects is important for the rational development and operation of hydropower stations. In this study, the Jiacha Hydropower Station on the Yarlung Zangbo River on the Tibetan Plateau was selected for research. The overall ecological impacts during construction and operation of the station were analyzed based on emergy (embodied energy) analysis, a method for ecological energy accounting. Our aim was to provide quantitative evidence for operational management of the Jiacha Hydropower Station and balanced ecological development in the study area. Resource investment as well as the loss of ecosystem services caused by the constructing and operating the hydropower station were used as input data in the emergy analysis, and four emergy indices were selected for evaluating the ecological impact of Jiacha Hydropower Station: (1) The emergy ratio of renewable resources (REN), (2) the emergy yield ratio (EYR), (3) the environmental load rate (ELR), and (4) the emergy sustainability index (ESI). Results indicate: (1) The average annual emergy input required for the operation of the Jiacha Hydropower Station was 1.18×1021 sej, of which the river potential energy provided 3.30×1020 sej, accounting for 27.79% of the total emergy input. (2) The annual emergy loss due to reduced ecosystem services was 8.40×1018 sej, primarily attributed to sedimentation, reservoir inundation and climate regulation. The annual emergy loss of sedimentation accounted for 89%, being the primary annual emergy loss of the ecological services component. (3) The environmental load rate of the investigated area was 0.85, and the emergy sustainability index (ESI) was 3.60, indicating that construction and operation of Jiacha Hydropower Station produced a small ecological impact on the Tibetan Plateau and that ecological sustainability in the research area is good. In conclusion, it is feasible to construct hydropower stations on the Tibetan Plateau, but principles of appropriate development and ecology must be followed. |
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| Keywords: | Tibetan Plateau hydropower station emergy analysis ecological effect ecosystem service |
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