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克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型
引用本文:张莎,俞树惠,邱高峰.克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型[J].水产学报,2018,42(10):1513-1519.
作者姓名:张莎  俞树惠  邱高峰
作者单位:上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心
基金项目:上海高校水产学高峰学科建设和知识服务平台项目;上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目
摘    要:染色体是遗传物质的载体,是研究细胞遗传学的基础,为研究克氏原螯虾染色体及其核型,实验以性未成熟雄性个体的精巢为材料,采用低渗和空气干燥常规方法制备细胞分裂中期染色体标本,研究了克氏原螯虾染色体及核型。Giemsa和DAPI染色后在显微镜下观察到清晰的精母细胞减数分裂中期二价体和精原细胞有丝分裂中期染色体时相。对减数分裂中期二价体及有丝分裂中期染色体进行了数目上的统计。结果显示,克氏原螯虾二倍与单倍染色体数目分别为2N=188和N=94。由于有丝分裂染色体形状微小,核型分析困难,故选取减数分裂中期二价体,根据长度及着丝点位置对其进行了初步核型分析,核型公式为N=55M+22(SM,ST)+17T,未发现异形性染色体。

关 键 词:克氏原螯虾  染色体  核型分析  空气干燥法
收稿时间:2017/12/11 0:00:00
修稿时间:2018/3/14 0:00:00

Chromosome and karyotype of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
ZHANG Sh,YU Shuhui and QIU Gaofeng.Chromosome and karyotype of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(10):1513-1519.
Authors:ZHANG Sh  YU Shuhui and QIU Gaofeng
Affiliation:Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China and Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
Abstract:The crayfish Procambarus clarkii was introduced into China in the last century and has become a commercially important cultured species. Most of previous research of P. clarkii focus on physiology, ecology and reproductive biology. Little is known about its genetic basis. Chromosomes are carriers of genetic material. The study of chromosome in P. clarkii can provide indispensable basic data for genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties. In this paper, the chromosome and karyotype of the crayfish P. clarkii were studied by preparing metaphase spreads from the tissue of immature testis using the conventional method of hypotension and air-dry. Well-spreads in meiotic metaphase of spermatocyte and mitotic metaphase of spermatogonium were obtained after DAPI and Giemsa staining. Most of chromosomes in mitotic metaphase were X-shaped, which are regarded as metacentric chromosomes. The bivalents in meiotic metaphase were short rod with heterochromatin located at the end. The number of chromosomes in mitotic metaphase and bivalents in meiotic metaphase was statistically calculated based on 50 spermatocytes and 26 spermatogonia division phases, respectively. The number of bivalents which was N=94 appeared 28 times, accounting for 56% of spermatocyte. The number of chromosomes with 2N=188 appeared 20 times, accounting for 77% of the number of mitotic spermatogonia. Thus we concluded that the number of diploid and haploid chromosomes of P. clarkii was 2N=188 and N=94, respectively. Since the mitotic chromosome is too small to perform karyotype analysis, we conducted a preliminary meiotic karyotype analysis based on bivalent length and position of the centromere. The karyotype formula is N=55M+22(SM, ST)+17T, including 55 metacentric bivalents, 22 sub-metacentric or acrocentric bivalents, and 17 telocentric bivalents. No sex chromosome was identified.
Keywords:Procambarus clarkii  chromosome  karyotype analysis  air-dry
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