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日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响
引用本文:罗其刚,叶元土,蔡春芳,吴萍,周亚琴,林秀秀,朱健明,陈科全,彭侃,张宝彤,萧培珍.日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(6):888-898.
作者姓名:罗其刚  叶元土  蔡春芳  吴萍  周亚琴  林秀秀  朱健明  陈科全  彭侃  张宝彤  萧培珍
作者单位:苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,苏州大学基础医学与生物科学学院, 江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室, 江苏 苏州 215123,北京营养源研究所水产动物系统营养研究开放实验室, 北京 100069,北京营养源研究所水产动物系统营养研究开放实验室, 北京 100069
基金项目:国家自然基金(31172417);苏州市应用基础研究项目(SYN201316)
摘    要:本实验探讨以猪肉粉为动物蛋白源的草鱼日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油以补充鱼类所需的部分生长因子,对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响,以期达到节约鱼粉的目的。在实用配方模式下,设计6种等氮等能饲料,分别是添加6%猪肉粉(6P)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉(3P3SW)、6%鱼溶浆粉(6SW)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(3P3SW2O)、6%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(6SW2O)和6%鱼粉(6F,对照)。在池塘网箱中饲喂(80.0±2.0)g的草鱼72 d。结果表明,6P和6F在SGR、FCR、PRR、ERR和HSI方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加鱼溶浆粉后,3P3SW、6SW与6F相比,SGR提高了9.1%~9.6%,FCR下降了8.5%~11.2%,差异显著(P<0.05),但3P3SW和6SW无显著差异(P>0.05),同时,在PRR、FRR和ERR方面,3P3SW、6SW均有一定程度提高。添加鱼油后,3P3SW2O、6SW2O和3P3SW、6SW比,SGR分别下降了9.7%、15.4%,FCR分别上升了6.9%、31.1%,除3P3SW2O和3P3SW的FCR之外,其余差异显著(P<0.05);在PRR和ERR方面,3P3SW2O、6SW2O均有一定程度下降;同时,3P3SW2O、6SW2O的FRR和肝脏粗脂肪含量都出现不同程度增高,HSI增大,血清TBA、CHOL、HDL和LDL与肝脏粗脂肪呈现出相同趋势,且上述指标均是6SW2O组最高,与其余各组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。此外,在对饲料中游离氨基酸和生物胺与FCR和SGR的相关性分析中,发现游离Lys、Tau和Put与FCR和SGR的Pearsion相关系数都大于0.8,且符合二次函数关系。因此,鱼溶浆粉对草鱼的促生长作用优于鱼粉,在无鱼粉日粮中添加少量的鱼溶浆粉能满足草鱼需求,节约鱼粉用量,这种促生长作用与饲料中游离Lys、Tau和Put的关系密切;由于鱼油促使脂肪在体内和肝脏沉积,加重肝脏脂质代谢负担,加上其易氧化变质特性,限制了它在水产饲料中的使用。

关 键 词:草鱼  鱼溶浆粉  鱼油  生长  肝脏  游离氨基酸  生物胺
收稿时间:2014/12/29 0:00:00
修稿时间:2015/4/12 0:00:00

Effects of adding stickwater meal and fish oil into basal diets on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)growth,liver fat content and serum indicators
LUO Qigang,YE Yuantu,CAI Chunfang,WU Ping,ZHOU Yaqin,LIN Xiuxiu,ZHU Jianming,CHEN Kequan,PENG Kan,ZHANG Baotong and XIAO Peizhen.Effects of adding stickwater meal and fish oil into basal diets on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)growth,liver fat content and serum indicators[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(6):888-898.
Authors:LUO Qigang  YE Yuantu  CAI Chunfang  WU Ping  ZHOU Yaqin  LIN Xiuxiu  ZHU Jianming  CHEN Kequan  PENG Kan  ZHANG Baotong and XIAO Peizhen
Affiliation:Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition of Jiangsu Province, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China,Open Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing 100069, China and Open Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Beijing Research Institute for Nutritional Resources, Beijing 100069, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of grass carp diets,which were added with stickwater meal and fish oil to supplement fish required part of growth factor,on grass carp growth,liver fat content and serum indicators.In practical formulation mode,six experimental diets added 6% pork powder meal(6P),3% pork powder meal +3% stickwater meal(3P3SW),6% stickwater meal(6SW),3% pork powder meal +3% stickwater meal +2% fish oil(3P3SW2O),6% stickwater +2% fish oil(6SW2O),6% fish meal(6F control)were prepared.All the experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic.The diets were fed to grass carpsmean initial body weight of(80.0±0.2)g]in pond cages for 72 d.The results showed that,there were no significant differences in SGR,FCR,PRR,ERR and HSI between 6F and 6P.After adding stickwater meal,SGR of 3P3SW and 6SW improved by 9.1%-9.6% compared with 6F,when it comes to FCR,it decreased by 8.5%-11.2%,the differences were significant(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between 3P3SW and 6SW(P>0.05),while in PRR,FRR and ERR terms,3P3SW,6SW have some improvements.After adding fish oil,compared 3P3SW2O,6SW2O with 3P3SW,6SW,the SGR decreased by 9.7%,15.4%,the FCR increased by 6.9%,31.1%,the differences were significant(P<0.05),except the FCR of 3P3SW2O and 3P3SW.In terms of 3P3SW2O and 6SW2O,PRR and ERR declined;at the same time,FRR and liver fat content increased,and HSI,TBA,CHOL,HDL and LDL with liver fat showed the same trend,and the highest group of these indicators was 6SW2O which had significant differences(P<0.05),compared with all other groups.In the correlation analysis of free amino acids,biogenic amines with FCR and SGR,Pearsion correlation coefficients of free lysine,taurine and putrescine were all greater than 0.8,and presented a quadratic function.So,in the effect of promoting growth,stickwater meal is better than fish meal.Adding small amount of stickwater meal to diets which have no fish meal can not only meet the needs of grass carp but also save the amount of fish meal,and this growth-promoting effect is closely related with free Lys,Tau and Put.Fish oil promotes fat deposition in the body and liver,burdens the lipid metabolism.Together with its easily oxidized characteristics,its use in aquaculture feed is limited.
Keywords:grass carp  stickwater meal  fish oil  growth  liver  free amino acids  biogenic amines
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