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莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布
引用本文:吴强,陈瑞盛,黄经献,张传涛,王俊,金显仕.莱州湾口虾蛄的生物学特征与时空分布[J].水产学报,2015,39(8):1166-1177.
作者姓名:吴强  陈瑞盛  黄经献  张传涛  王俊  金显仕
作者单位:中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071,中国水产科学研究院下营增殖实验站, 山东 潍坊 261312,中国水产科学研究院下营增殖实验站, 山东 潍坊 261312,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB453303);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303050);山东省泰山学者工程专项(2008-67)
摘    要:根据2011年5月-2012年4月期间进行的9个航次(月份)的底拖网采样,研究了莱州湾水域口虾蛄的生物学特征、资源密度的时空分布以及环境因子的影响,以期为口虾蛄资源的利用和保护提供理论依据。结果显示,口虾蛄资源密度(生物量和个体数)月间变化为8月 >7月 >9月 >10月 >5月 >11月 >6月 >4月 >3月。口虾蛄体长范围为41~171 mm,平均体长5月最低(102 mm),7月最高(118 mm);体重范围为0.30~68.00 g,平均体重5月最低(13.64g),11月最高(17.67g)。雌、雄个体肥满度均以10月最高,分别为1.49和1.56,肥满度的月间变化趋势为5-7月下降,8-10月上升,11月以后再次下降。肥满度的性别差异不显著(P >0.05)。除5月雌体数量高于雄体外,其他月份雌、雄比均小于1。口虾蛄于5-7月(产卵期)主要分布在黄河口、龙口近岸等浅水区,8月开始向深水区迁移,9月至翌年3月主要分布在深水区,4月开始返回近岸水域。Pearson相关分析表明,口虾蛄个体数密度与海表温度相关性最高,其次是盐度、水深、浮游动物及其他渔获生物量,与底层溶解氧、浮游植物的相关性最低;口虾蛄平均个体重量在8-9月与水深分别呈极显著相关(P <0.001)和显著相关(P <0.005)关系,与其他渔获生物量在2011年7-8月及2012年4月呈显著相关(P <0.005),与其它环境因子的相关性在各月份均不显著(P >0.05)。

关 键 词:口虾蛄  生物学特征  时空分布  环境因子  莱州湾
收稿时间:1/6/2015 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2015/6/13 0:00:00

Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea
WU Qiang,CHEN Ruisheng,HUANG Jingxian,ZHANG Chuantao,WANG Jun and JIN Xianshi.Fishery biology characteristics,temporal and spatial distribution of Oratosquilla oratoria in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1166-1177.
Authors:WU Qiang  CHEN Ruisheng  HUANG Jingxian  ZHANG Chuantao  WANG Jun and JIN Xianshi
Affiliation:Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,Xiaying Enhancement and Experiment Station, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Weifang 261312, China,Xiaying Enhancement and Experiment Station, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Weifang 261312, China,Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China and Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Abstract:Monthly variation of biology characteristics,density and its spatial distribution of O.oratoria in Laizhou Bay,together with the influence of environmental factors,were analyzed according to the bottom trawl data of 9 surveys from May 2011 to April 2012,in order to provide theoretical basis for utilizing and protecting the resources of O.oratoria.The monthly variation of density(both biomass and individual number) was August >July >September >October >May> November> June> April> March.The body length of O.oratoria was 41-171mm and the average body length was the lowest in May by 102mm and the highest in July by 118 mm.The body weight of O.oratoria was 0.30- 68.00 g and the average body weight was the lowest in May by 13.64g and the highest in July by 17.67g.The individual fatness coefficient was the highest in October both for the female(1.49) and the male(1.56).The trend of the monthly change of fatness coefficient was on the decline in May-July,on the rise in August-October and on the decline after November again.The difference of fatness coefficient was not significant(P >0.05) between the male and the female.The ratio of the female to the male was less than 1.0 in every month except in May.O.oratoria was mainly distributed in shallow waters in spawning seasons(May-July),such as the Yellow River estuary and they started to migrate to profundal zone in August and inhabited the areas from September to next March,then returned to shallow waters in April.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that environmental factor that best matched the density of O.oratoria was sea surface temperature(SST),then the salinity(Sal),the water depth(Dep),the zooplankton and other fishing catch biomass.The correlation coefficient was the lowest between the density of O.oratoria with dissolved oxygen(DO) and phytoplankton.The correlation between the average individual weight of O.oratoria with environmental factors was not significant (P >0.05),except with the Dep in August(P <0.001),September(P <0.005) and with other fishing catch biomass in July,August and next April(P <0.001).
Keywords:Oratosquilla oratoria  biology characteristics  temporal and spatial distribution  environmental factors  Laizhou Bay
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