Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) hydrolate as sedative of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in simulated transport conditions |
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| Authors: | Hugo Napoleão Pereira da Silva Elen Monique de Oliveira Sousa Janna Laely dos Santos Maia Mônica Tatiane Lima Pinheiro Soraia Valeria de Oliveira Coelho Lameirão Rosa Helena Veras Mourão José Guilherme Soares Maia Bernardo Baldisserotto Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratório de Química, Programa de Pós‐gradua??o em Recursos Aquáticos Continentais da Amaz?nicos, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia das águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarem, Pará, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Química, Programa de Pós‐gradua??o em Biociências, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarem, Pará, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Bioprospec??o e Biologia Experimental, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Santarem, Pará, Brazil;4. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Pará, Brazil;5. Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Lippia alba hydrolate (LAH) is produced as a secondary product in essential oil extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of LAH in a simulation of the transport of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. A series of 17 hr simulations were performed using load densities of 30, 60 and 90 juveniles per L and four LAH concentrations of 0.4%, 1%, 2% and 5%, with a control of just water. Fish survival, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, ammonia excretion, alkalinity water hardness and net Na+, K+, Cl‐ fluxes, were all evaluated before and after the transport simulations. Mucous cell densities in the gills were also determined microscopically, post simulation. The results showed that addition of 5% LAH achieved better survival during the simulation than the water control. Dissolved oxygen was significantly lower with an increased load density. Also, conductivity, NH4 excretion and net ionic fluxes (K+ and Cl?) were lower with 5% LAH, although mainly where higher load densities were tested. Mucous cell density was lower in LAH concentrations of 2% and 5%, again with higher load densities. In view of these findings, it is suggested that 5% LAH is an effective sedative for use in the transport of tambaqui, mainly with high load densities. This work is the first study of LAH and highlights its potential applications in aquaculture management. |
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| Keywords: | fish transportation load densities mucous cells net ion fluxes plant extractive |
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