| 中国生态护林员政策实施机制、成效及动态调整 |
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| 引用本文： | 贾天宇,王一凡,赵荣.中国生态护林员政策实施机制、成效及动态调整[J].世界林业研究,2023,36(1):1-7. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贾天宇 王一凡 赵荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所, 北京 100091 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目“定点县返贫风险预警与防范研究”（CAFYBB2021QC002）；国家林业和草原局专项委托课题“生态护林员政策调整优化方案”（500102-1732） |
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| 摘 要： | 生态护林员政策是我国开展生态扶贫行动的一项创新性举措，是践行“两山”理念、贯彻落实生态文明思想的一个生动实践。生态护林员政策的有效实施实现了脱贫增收与生态保护双赢的目标。2022年中央一号文件明确提出要对生态护林员政策进行优化调整。同时，在我国全面脱贫任务目标完成的背景下，生态护林员政策的任务重心也应从生态补偿脱贫一批的目标中脱离出来；过渡阶段巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接目标的提出，也使得生态护林员政策适时调整更加迫切。文中总结归纳我国生态护林员政策提出的理论框架，分析其政策实施机制及成效；结合实地调研情况，探讨目前生态护林员政策面临的问题，包括生态护林员选聘范围受限、指标分配不平衡、缺乏生态护林员收入保障和激励机制、政策资金来源单一有限、监管与考核机制不健全、生态护林员综合素质不高等；最后对生态护林员政策动态调整提出对策建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态护林员 生态减贫 政策调整 生态振兴 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-07-15 |
Operation Mechanism,Effectiveness and Dynamic Adjustment of Ecological Forest Rangers Policy in China |
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| Affiliation: | Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China |
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| Abstract: | The policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) in China is an innovative initiative launched by Chinese government to alleviate poverty through ecological conservation, which is a vivid practice to the concept that lucid water and lush mountain are invaluable assets. It has achieved the win-win goals of poverty alleviation and ecological conservation. In 2022, NO.1 Central Document explicitly proposed that the policy of EFRs should be optimized and adjusted. At the same time, after the complete victory against poverty, the focus of EFRs policy in China should stand above the objectives of alleviating poverty through ecological compensation, and the overarching requirements that are to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation and effectively connect them with rural revitalization also make it more urgent to adjust the EFRs policy in time. This paper summarizes the theoretical framework of the EFRs policy and analyzes its implementation mechanism and effectiveness. Based on the field investigation, the problems faced by the EFRs policy are discussed, including restraint in forest ranger candidates qualification, unbalanced distribution of forest ranger quota, lack of income guarantee and incentive mechanism, narrow source of funding, unsound supervision and assessment mechanism, and the low capacity of EFRs. At the end, relevant countermeasures for the dynamic adjustment of the EFRs policy are put forward. |
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