Genetic diversity of the myrtle rust pathogen (Austropuccinia psidii) in the Americas and Hawaii: Global implications for invasive threat assessments |
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| Authors: | J E Stewart A L Ross‐Davis R N Gra?a A C Alfenas T L Peever J W Hanna J Y Uchida R D Hauff C Y Kadooka M‐S Kim P G Cannon S Namba S Simeto C A Pérez M B Rayamajhi D J Lodge M Arguedas R Medel‐Ortiz M A López‐Ramirez P Tennant M Glen P S Machado A R McTaggart A J Carnegie N B Klopfenstein |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management, Colorado State University, CO, USA;2. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Moscow, ID, USA;3. FuturaGene Brasil Tecnologia Ltda, Itapetininga, SP, Brazil;4. Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Vi?osa, Vi?osa, MG, Brazil;5. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA;6. Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA;7. Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Department of Lands and Natural Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA;8. Department of Forestry, Environment and Systems, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea;9. USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection – Region 5, Vallejo, CA, USA;10. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;11. National Forestry Research Program, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Tacuarembó, Uruguay;12. Departamento de Protección Vegetal, EEMAC, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Paysandú, Uruguay;13. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA;14. USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Luquillo, Puerto Rico;15. Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica;16. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico;17. The Biotechnology Centre, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica;18. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia;19. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;20. NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW Forest Science, Parramatta, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Since the myrtle rust pathogen (Austropuccinia psidii) was first reported (as Puccinia psidii) in Brazil on guava (Psidium guajava) in 1884, it has been found infecting diverse myrtaceous species. Because A. psidii has recently spread rapidly worldwide with an extensive host range, genetic and genotypic diversities were evaluated within and among A. psidii populations in its putative native range and other areas of myrtle rust emergence in the Americas and Hawaii. Microsatellite markers revealed several unique multilocus genotypes (MLGs), which grouped isolates into nine distinct genetic clusters C1–C9 comprising C1: from diverse hosts from Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and USA‐Hawaii, and USA‐California; C2: from eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) in Brazil/Uruguay and rose apple (Syzygium jambos) in Brazil; C3: from eucalypts in Brazil; C4: from diverse hosts in USA‐Florida; C5: from Java plum (Syzygium cumini) in Brazil; C6: from guava and Brazilian guava (Psidium guineense) in Brazil; C7: from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) in Brazil; C8: from allspice (Pimenta dioica) in Jamaica and sweet flower (Myrrhinium atropurpureum) in Uruguay; C9: from jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) in Brazil]. The C1 cluster, which included a single MLG infecting diverse host in many geographic regions, and the closely related C4 cluster are considered as a “Pandemic biotype,” associated with myrtle rust emergence in Central America, the Caribbean, USA‐Florida, USA‐Hawaii, Australia, China‐Hainan, New Caledonia, Indonesia and Colombia. Based on 19 bioclimatic variables and documented occurrences of A. psidii contrasted with reduced sets of specific genetic clusters (subnetworks, considered as biotypes), maximum entropy bioclimatic modelling was used to predict geographic locations with suitable climate for A. psidii which are at risk from invasion. The genetic diversity of A. psidii throughout the Americas and Hawaii demonstrates the importance of recognizing biotypes when assessing the invasive threats posed by A. psidii around the globe. |
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| Keywords: |
Eucalyptus
other rust |
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