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福建省柑橘黄龙病危害及其流行规律研究
引用本文:谢钟琛,李健,施清,谢文龙,杨建榕,陈跃飞,钟连生.福建省柑橘黄龙病危害及其流行规律研究[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(11):3888-3897.
作者姓名:谢钟琛  李健  施清  谢文龙  杨建榕  陈跃飞  钟连生
作者单位: 
基金项目:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项 
摘    要: 【目的】全面了解柑橘黄龙病(Citrus Huanglongbing,简称HLB)在福建省的危害分布及其流行情况,有效指导HLB的防控。【方法】对全省48个县(市、区)及245个柑橘主产乡镇HLB虫媒柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri)分布及HLB的危害进行调查,以PCR(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法对采集的斑驳黄化柑橘叶片、红鼻果进行确证性检测,分析HLB的危害流行规律,并应用滑动相关分析筛选影响HLB流行的气象要素。【结果】全省各县及柑橘主产乡镇均可查到柑橘木虱和HLB病株(最北N28°07′、海拔最高880 m),HLB危害程度为平均发病率16.59%,主栽品种间感病性差异显著,排序为宽皮桔>甜橙类>柚类;HLB发病率与果园纬度、海拔、坡度呈显著负相关;在南亚热带气候区的长泰县(N24°07′),HLB田间发病率仅与临近2年春季气候有关,推测HLB潜伏期为6~18个月,同时春梢期日照、幼果期湿度与HLB发病率呈极显著正、负相关,“春旱”为HLB流行性气候;柑橘红鼻果、斑驳黄化叶片的HLB病原Nested-PCR检出率分别为93.8%、73.1%,前者可靠性优于后者,二类症状均可视为HLB的典型症状。【结论】福建境内的柑橘产区均有HLB病原与柑橘木虱的分布。若春季遇严重干旱HLB就有局部爆发的可能。柑橘红鼻果可作HLB田间诊断依据。

关 键 词:柑橘黄龙病  发病率  流行规律  流行性气候  柑橘红鼻果
收稿时间:2009-04-01;

Damage and Epidemics of Citrus Huanglongbing in Fujian Province
XIE Zhong-chen,LI Jian,SHI Qing,XIE Wen-long,YANG Jian-rong,CHEN Yue-fei,ZHONG Lian-sheng
.Damage and Epidemics of Citrus Huanglongbing in Fujian Province[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(11):3888-3897.
Authors:XIE Zhong-chen  LI Jian  SHI Qing  XIE Wen-long  YANG Jian-rong  CHEN Yue-fei  ZHONG Lian-sheng
Affiliation:(Fruit Station of Fujian Agriculture Department)
Abstract:Objective] To effectively control citrus huanglongbing (HLB, yellow shoot disease), the distribution, damage and epidemics of the disease were investigated in Fujian Province. Method] The distribution of"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus", the putative pathogen, the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri), the insect vectors, and the incidence of HLB were investigated in 245 citrus-producing towns in 48 counties in Fujian Province. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was carried out to verify the existence of HLB in the collected blotchy mottle leaves and color inversion fruits to analyze the epidemics of HLB. Sliding correlation analysis was applied to select climatic factors associated with HLB occurrence. Result] HLB and D. citri could be observed in all citrus-producing towns and all counties in Fujian with the northern limit of N28°07' and the altitude of 880 m. The average incidence rate of HLB was 16.59% in Fujian. Significant difference in incidence rate was observed in different varieties with an increasing order of pummelo, sweet orange, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) The incidence of HLB was negatively correlated with latitude, altitude, slope of orchard. The field incidence was only related to the climate of the last 2 springs in Changtai county (N24°7') in subtropical zone, with a positive correlation with the sunshine in spring flush period and a negative correlation with the humidity in young fruit period. Therefore, drought in spring could be related to the epidemic of HLB. The color inversion fruits and blotchy mottle leaves are the typical characteristics of HLB, in which "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" were detected in 93.8% and 73.1% of the samples by Nested-PCR, respectively. The reliability of the former is higher than the latter. Conclusion] "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus"and D. cirri could be observed in all citrus-producing areas in Fujian. The outbreak of HLB could occur in severe drought areas in spring. The color inversion fruit could be used to diagnose HLB in fields.
Keywords:Huanglongbing  field incidence rate  epidemic  epidemic climate  color inversion fruit
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