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玉米规模化转基因技术体系构建及其应用
引用本文:刘允军,贾志伟,刘艳,张登峰,黎裕.玉米规模化转基因技术体系构建及其应用[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(21):4172-4182.
作者姓名:刘允军  贾志伟  刘艳  张登峰  黎裕
作者单位:中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家植物转基因技术研究中心;大北农生物技术中心;
基金项目:转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08010-004)
摘    要:玉米是世界种植范围最广、产量最高的粮食作物,为保证世界粮食安全做出了重要贡献。但是病虫害、杂草、干旱、盐碱等生物或非生物胁迫严重影响了玉米生产。培育具有抗虫、抗除草剂、抗病等性状的转基因玉米品种并应用到实际生产中,能够减少玉米产量损失,减少农药化肥使用量。玉米规模化转基因技术体系研究发展迅速,获得的抗虫、抗除草剂转基因玉米已在国外商业化种植18年,带来巨大的经济、社会和生态效益。全球转基因作物种植面积从1996年的170万公顷增加到2013年的1.75亿公顷。转基因玉米新品种培育需要较成熟的玉米规模化转基因技术体系。目前,商业化种植的转基因玉米都是从大量转基因玉米中选择的,具有外源基因单拷贝插入、遗传稳定、无载体骨架插入、目的基因表达合适、对玉米自身性状无影响等特点。国外大公司及部分公立研究机构建立了相对成熟的玉米转基因技术体系。中国玉米转基因技术体系研究起步较晚,目前初步建立了玉米规模化转基因技术体系,有必要进一步提高玉米遗传转化效率及规模化程度。玉米规模化转基因技术体系采用的主要方法是基因枪法和农杆菌介导法。文章详细介绍了2种方法的原理、发展过程及其应用。农杆菌介导法是目前最主流的植物遗传转化方法,具有成本低、外源基因拷贝数低、外源基因能稳定遗传表达等特点,更适用于规模化转基因技术体系。中国在玉米转基因技术体系研究及应用方面有很好的进展,在转基因受体材料选择、农杆菌侵染方法优化等方面对农杆菌介导的玉米遗传转化方法进行了系统优化,以国际上常用的玉米杂交种HiII及中国玉米优良自交系综31等为转化受体,建立了基于幼胚的玉米规模化转基因技术体系,并很好地应用于转基因玉米新品种的创制,获得大量具有生产应用价值的抗虫、抗除草剂转基因玉米。文章展望了玉米转基因技术体系的发展趋势,认为商业自交系作为外植体的筛选、转化事件单拷贝率的提高、无载体骨架序列转基因的提升、多基因转化技术、基因打靶技术、基因编辑技术及安全转化技术等方面是玉米转基因技术发展的趋势。中国应紧跟玉米转基因技术发展趋势,大力发展多基因转化技术、基因打靶技术及安全转化技术,使转基因玉米技术体系更好地服务于基因功能研究、转基因玉米产品研发等。中国通过玉米规模化转基因技术体系获得的转基因玉米将来进入产业化应用,将带来巨大的经济效益、社会效益和环境效益,并将推动玉米转基因技术体系的进一步发展。文章为玉米转基因技术体系优化和转基因玉米新材料获得等方面的研究提供一定的参考。

关 键 词:玉米  规模化  转基因  体系
收稿时间:2014-04-01

Establishment and Application of Large-ScaleTransformation Systems for Maize
LIU Yun-jun,JIA Zhi-wei,LIU Yan,ZHANG Deng-feng,LI Yu.Establishment and Application of Large-ScaleTransformation Systems for Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(21):4172-4182.
Authors:LIU Yun-jun  JIA Zhi-wei  LIU Yan  ZHANG Deng-feng  LI Yu
Affiliation:1.Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants, Beijing 100081;  2.Dabeinong Biotechnology Center, Beijing 100193
Abstract:Maize has the most widely planted scope and the largest output in the world, and makes important contributions to food security. However, pests, weeds, drought, salinity and other biotic and abiotic stress seriously affect maize production. The application of transgenic maize varieties with insect-resistance, herbicide-tolerance, disease-resistance and other traits could reduce the maize yield losses. Maize large scale transformation system has developed rapidly, and the transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize varieties have also been commercially applied for 18 years, bringing huge economic, social and ecological benefits. Global biotech crop acreage increased from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 175 million hectares in 2013. The commercially used transgenic maize events were selected from a large number of independent transgenic events, and had several good characteristics, i.e. single copy of foreign genes, genetic stability, no vector backbone insertion, no effect on maize own traits. Foreign big companies and some public research institutions have established high efficient maize transformation system. In China, the study on maize transformation system started late, and currently the maize transformation system has been preliminarily established. However, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency and the scale of maize transformation system in China. Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated method are two main methods for maize transformation system. The article describes the principle, the development process and the application of these two methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most mainstream of plant genetic transformation methods with the characteristics of low cost, low foreign gene copy number and stable gene expression, so Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is more suitable for large scale maize transformation system. Over the last decade in China, some achievements have been made in maize transformation method by selecting good explants, optimizing Agrobacterium infection method. The established maize transformation system has also been used to develop a lot of valuable transgenic maize events with insect-resistance or herbicide-tolerance. The perspectives of the development of maize transformation were also discussed. The authors believe that the development trend of maize transformation system include: 1) screening explants from commercial maize inbred lines, 2) raising single-copy transformation event rates without enhancing vector backbone insertion, 3) multi-gene transformation technology, 4) gene targeting technology, 5) safety transformation technology. China should closely follow the development trend of maize transformation system, focus on the development of multi-gene transformation technology, gene targeting technology and safety transformation technology, to better serve the gene function research and the development of transgenic maize products. In China, if the transgenic maize events which were obtained by the large scale maize transformation system are commercially grown in the future, it will bring enormous economic, social and environmental benefits, and will promote the further development of maize transformation system. This review article might provide some useful information for the research on maize transformation system.
Keywords:maize  large scale  transformation  system
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