| 长期不同施肥红壤粒径分布的多重分形特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙梅,孙楠,黄运湘,徐明岗,王伯仁,张旭博.长期不同施肥红壤粒径分布的多重分形特征[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(11):2173-2181. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙梅 孙楠 黄运湘 徐明岗 王伯仁 张旭博 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院;农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41201219);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B04,2014BAD14B03) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】通过探讨长期不同施肥后红壤粒径分布非均匀性和异质性的变化特征，揭示不同施肥模式对土壤粒径分布的影响，为农田土壤发育过程以及科学合理利用红壤提供理论支撑。【方法】以湖南省祁阳试验点红壤旱地长期定位试验（1990年至今）为依托，采用激光粒度分析仪测定1990年初始土样（O）与连续22年不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、有机无机配合施用（NPKM）和单施有机肥（M）4种施肥模式下小麦-玉米轮作系统中耕层土壤（0—20 cm）颗粒分布；应用多重分形理论以盒计维方法分析了土壤粒径分布多重分形参数的变化趋势；并对多重分形参数、土壤颗粒与土壤有机质进行相关性分析，阐明多重分形参数表征土壤粒径分布的精准性。【结果】多重分形参数可以反映土壤粒径分布的非均匀程度，与红壤黏、粉粒含量、土壤有机质含量显著相关；运用多重分形参数表征土壤粒径分布具有较高的灵敏性与精准度。红壤粒径广义维数（D(q)）在﹣10≤q≤10的范围内，其中D(q＜0)比D(q＞0)更为敏感，表明广义维数（D(q)）在稀疏区域的标度性低于密集区域的标度性。与初始土样（O）相比，长期不同施肥对容量维数（D0）与信息维数（D1）无显著影响，但显著提高了关联维数D2（0.864—0.883）、D1/D0（0.921—0.932）；处理间均表现为M、NPKM＞NPK、CK、O，也显著提高了奇异强度α0（1.129—1.177）和奇异谱宽Δα（1.966—2.707）等多重分形参数，处理间均表现为NPK、CK＞M、NPKM＞O。【结论】在成土条件、种植制度和管理措施均一致的条件下，无论是单施有机肥（猪粪）还是有机肥（猪粪）配合施用化肥均可以显著提高红壤粒径分布局部密集程度，促进土壤细化，加快土壤不均匀性发展，增强了土壤颗粒异质性。多重分形参数可以表征土壤粒径分布的细微差别，为土壤粒径分布的精准研究提供了技术支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 多重分形特征 粒径分布 长期施肥 红壤 激光颗粒分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-01-06 |
Multifractal Characterization of Soil Particle Size Distribution Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations in Upland Red Soil |
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| SUN Mei-,SUN Nan-,HUANG Yun-Xiang-,XU Ming-Gang-,WANG Bo-Ren-,ZHANG Xu-Bo-.Multifractal Characterization of Soil Particle Size Distribution Under Long-Term Different Fertilizations in Upland Red Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(11):2173-2181. |
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| Authors: | SUN Mei- SUN Nan- HUANG Yun-Xiang- XU Ming-Gang- WANG Bo-Ren- ZHANG Xu-Bo- |
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| Affiliation: | 1、College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128;
2、Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The aim of the study are to analyze the impact of long-term fertilization on the heterogeneity of the soil particle-size distribution of red soils, to investigate the mechanisms of soil development process affected by different fertilization strategies and to explore the ways to promote sustainable development of agriculture while maintaining soil quality. 【Method】 A laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the particle size distribution of the soil samples. The soils were collected from the top 20 cm soil depth in four treatments with a wheat-maize rotation system at two time points in the long-term fertilization experiment on red soil in Qiyang, Hunan province in 1990 and 2012. The treatments include long-term continuously non-fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK plus manure (NPKM), and manure alone (M). The changes of the multi-fractal parameters of particle size distribution were analysed by the box dimensions method. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the multi-fractal parameter, soil particle and organic matter was also carried out. 【Result】 The results showed that the multi-fractal parameter represented the heterogeneity of soil particle-size distribution much sensitively and accurately and it was significantly correlated to the contents of soil clay or silt particle and soil organic matter. Generalized dimensions (D(q＜0)) were more sensitive than that of D(q＞0) in the range of -10≤q≤10, indicating that the scaling property of D(q) in the sparse range was less than that in the dense range. Compared to the values of Ds from initial soil samples, long-term fertilization did not significantly influence the capacity dimension (D0) or information dimension (D1), but significantly increased the correlation dimension D2 (0.864-0.883), D1/D0 (0.921-0.932), the singular strength (1.129-1.177) and the singular spectrum width of (1.966-2.707). 【Conclusion】 Long-term application of manure with or without chemical fertilizer significantly improved the local intensity of soil particle-size distribution, promoted soil refinement and accelerated the development of soil inhomogeneity under the similar soil-forming conditions, cropping system and agricultural management. The multi-fractal parameter was much more sensitive to the changes of soil particle-size distribution, which could provide a technical support for the research on precision of soil particle size distribution. |
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| Keywords: | multifractal characterization particle-size distribution long-term fertilization red soil laser particle-size analysis |
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