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中国主要生态区小麦施肥增产效应分析
引用本文:王旭,李贞宇,马文奇,张福锁.中国主要生态区小麦施肥增产效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2469-2476.
作者姓名:王旭  李贞宇  马文奇  张福锁
作者单位:(河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院)
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划("973")项目,农业部公益性行业专项 
摘    要:【目的】分析中国主要农业生态区小麦的化肥增产效应,为小麦进一步增产和提高化肥效率提供依据。【方法】总结近年来全国测土配方施肥试验示范数据,通过化肥偏生产力、农学效率等指标分析中国主要农业生态区小麦施肥的增产效应及其变化特点。【结果】各区域施肥量水平较高且差异明显,其中黄淮海区施肥量最高,为383 kg.hm-2;北部高原区施肥量最低,为233 kg.hm-2。西北区和长江中下游区的化肥增产作用高于北部高原区和黄淮海区。化肥偏生产力水平最高的区域是西北区,为23.9 kg.kg-1;最低的地区是黄淮海区,为17.4 kg.kg-1。化肥农学效率的最高的地区是西北区,为9.7 kg.kg-1;最低的地区是黄淮海区,为4.2 kg.kg-1。与20世纪80年代初相比,长江中下游区和西北区的氮肥农学效率分别提高了21.6%和5.6%,而黄淮海区和北部高原区分别降低了46.0%和12.4%;北部高原区和西北区的磷肥农学效率分别提高了13.7%和10.4%;黄淮海区和长江中下游区分别降低了38.6%和6.24%。【结论】各区域小麦施肥水平明显提高且差异加大,化肥增产作用仍很显著,增产效应差异明显,粮食低产区不一定是化肥高效区。合理施肥,提高化肥养分效率仍然是各区域小麦增产的重要途径。

关 键 词:  农业资源利用" target="_blank">face="Verdana">农业资源利用  农业生态区  小麦  增产效应
收稿时间:2009-11-11;

Effects of Fertilization on Yield Increase of Wheat in Different Agro-ecological Regions of China
WANG Xu,LI Zhen-yu,MA Wen-qi,ZHANG Fu-suo.Effects of Fertilization on Yield Increase of Wheat in Different Agro-ecological Regions of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(12):2469-2476.
Authors:WANG Xu  LI Zhen-yu  MA Wen-qi  ZHANG Fu-suo
Affiliation:(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei)
Abstract:【Objective】 An experiment was carried out to study the effects of fertilization on wheat yield increase and nutrient efficiency in different agro-ecological regions of China and further to explore approaches of increasing wheat yield and improving fertilizer nutrient efficiency. 【Method】 The indexes, such as partial factor productivity (PFP) and agronomic efficiency (AE), were calculated based on the field experimental data from National Program of Soil-Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation of China, and the historical changes of the wheat yield increase from fertilization and nutrient efficiencies were analyzed in different agro-ecological regions of China.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences of applied fertilizer rate in different regions. The highest value was 383 kg•hm-2 in Huanghuaihai Plain and the lowest value was 233 kg•hm-2 in Northern Plateau. Yield increasing results from fertilization in Northwest and Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River were higher than that in Northern Plateau and Huanghuaihai Plain. The highest value of partial factor productivity (PFP) was 23.9 kg•kg-1 in Northwest and the lowest value of PFP was 17.4 kg•kg-1 in Huanghuaihai Plain. The highest value of agronomic efficiency (AE) was 9.7 kg•kg-1 in Northwest, and the lowest value was 4.2 kg•kg-1 in Huanghuaihai Plain. Compared with 1980s, AEN in Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and Northwest increased by 21.0% and 5.68%, respectively, while that in Huanghuaihai Plain and Northern Plateau decreased by 46.0% and 12.4%. respectively. Meantime, AEP in Northern plateau and Northwest increased by 13.7% and 10.4%, respectively, while that in Huanghuaihai Plain and Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River decreased by 38.6% and 6.24%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 There were clearly increasing in amount of applied fertilizer of wheat in different regions and the difference was remarkable. The wheat yield increases from fertilization were still significant, and the effects were different among various regions. The regions with low level fertilizer rate was not always the area with the high level nutrient efficiency. It is a very effective approach to optimize fertilization and improve the fertilizer use efficiency for yield increase of wheat in the future.
Keywords:agricultural resources utilization  agro-ecological regions  wheat  yield-increasing effect
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