| 耕作方式对小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,张永丽.耕作方式对小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(19):3954-3964. |
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| 作者姓名： | 褚鹏飞 于振文 王东 张永丽 |
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| 作者单位： | (山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室/作物生物学国家重点实验室); |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目，农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】利用测墒补灌技术确定灌水量,研究高产条件下耕作方式对小麦的耗水特性、蒸腾速率及籽粒产量的影响,为小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】2007—2008年和2008—2009年小麦生长季,在高肥力条件下,设置条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式,研究不同处理对小麦耗水量、旗叶蒸腾速率、叶片水分利用效率、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】深松+旋耕处理的总耗水量最高,深松+条旋耕和翻耕处理次之,且两者无显著差异,条旋耕和旋耕处理低于上述处理,表明深松后小麦的总耗水量增加。深松+条旋耕处理的土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的比例和开花至成熟阶段的耗水量及其模系数最高,深松+旋耕处理次之,条旋耕和旋耕处理均低于翻耕处理,表明深松+条旋耕促进了土壤贮水的消耗,提高了小麦灌浆阶段的耗水量,有利于籽粒灌浆。深松+条旋耕和条旋耕处理的灌水量占总耗水量的比例低于其它处理,条旋耕处理最低,深松+旋耕和翻耕处理最高且两者无显著差异,旋耕处理次之。灌浆中后期,深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕处理的叶片水分利用效率最高且两者无显著差异,翻耕处理次之,条旋耕和旋耕处理低于上述处理,表明深松有利于小麦在灌浆中后期保持较高的光合能力。深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕处理的籽粒产量最高且两者无显著差异,翻耕处理次之,条旋耕和旋耕处理低于上述处理,表明深松有利于籽粒产量的提高。深松+条旋耕处理的水分利用效率和灌溉效益最高,深松+旋耕处理次之,条旋耕和旋耕处理低于翻耕处理,表明深松+条旋耕有利于水分的高效利用。【结论】本试验条件下,深松+条旋耕是兼顾高产节水高效的耕作方式。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 耕作方式 耗水特性 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2010-02-10; |
Effects of Tillage on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Wheat |
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| CHU Peng-fei,YU Zhen-wen,WANG Dong,ZHANG Yong-li.Effects of Tillage on Water Consumption Characteristics and Grain Yield of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(19):3954-3964. |
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| Authors: | CHU Peng-fei YU Zhen-wen WANG Dong ZHANG Yong-li |
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| Affiliation: | (State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University)
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of tillage on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat under high-yield conditions by using the supplemental irrigation based on measured soil moisture, and to provide a scientific basis for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of wheat. 【Method】 This experiment was conducted under high-fertilized conditions during wheat growing seasons in 2007-2009 and water consumption amount, transpiration rate of flag leaf, leaf water use efficiency, grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat were analyzed by using five tillage styles which were strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS) and plowing tillage (P), respectively. 【Result】 The results showed that RS gained the highest total water consumption amount, followed by SRS and P which had no significant difference between them, while SR and R were lower than the above treatments. This indicated that total water consumption amount was significantly increased after subsoiling. The percentage of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount, the water consumption amount from anthesis to maturity stage and its water consumption percentage were the highest in SRS, and RS took second place, followed by P which was higher than SR and R. The above results indicated that SRS was beneficial for wheat to absorb soil water and improved the absorption of water during filling stage, which had favorable effect on grain filling. The percentage of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount of SRS and SR was lower than others, in which SR was the lowest, however, RS and P were the highest, which had no significant difference between them, and R took second place. The leaf water use efficiency at middle and later filling stages of SRS and RS, which had no significant difference between them, were significantly higher than other treatments. SR and R had lower leaf water use efficiency than P. This illustrated that subsoiling had favorable impact on keeping high photosynthetic ability during middle and later filling stages. SRS and RS had the highest grain yield which had no significant difference between them, and P took second place, followed by SR and R. This illustrated that subsoiling was beneficial to improving the grain yield of wheat. SRS had the highest water use efficiency and irrigation benefit, and RS took second place. SR and R had lower water use efficiency and irrigation benefit than P. This illustrated that SRS had favorable effect on improving water use efficiency. 【Conclusion】 As far as high-yield and water-saving were concerned in the experiment, the most appropriate treatment for recommendation was the strip rotary tillage after subsoiling. |
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| Keywords: | wheat tillage water consumption characteristics grain yield water use efficiency |
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