首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
     

西北黄土高原旱地全膜双垄沟播种植对玉米 季节性耗水和产量的调节机制
引用本文:王红丽,张绪成,宋尚有,马一凡,于显枫.西北黄土高原旱地全膜双垄沟播种植对玉米 季节性耗水和产量的调节机制[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(5):917-926.
作者姓名:王红丽  张绪成  宋尚有  马一凡  于显枫
作者单位:1. 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州,730070
2. 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070;中国农业大学资源环境学院,北京100193
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30960070,31060071)、甘肃省自然科学基金(1010RJZA177)
摘    要:【目的】从玉米季节性耗水调节产量和水分利用效率的角度,揭示旱地全膜双垄沟播的增产机制。【方法】通过测定土壤温度、含水量、玉米地上干物质和产量及其构成因子,以及计算土壤温度梯度等,探讨旱地全膜双垄沟播对玉米季节性耗水和产量的调节机制。【结果】全膜双垄沟播(PMF)和全沙覆盖平作(SM)对玉米生长期的水分环境有显著的调节作用。与裸地平作(CK)相比,PMF和SM能提高地温最低点玉米全生育期土壤温度梯度和地温最高点玉米拔节前土壤温度梯度,在显著高于CK和地温最高、最低点反方向温度梯度驱动下实现了对土壤水分的调节,使玉米在需水较少阶段保蓄更多的水分以供需水盛期利用;各处理玉米耗水高峰出现的时期与当年降雨分布密切相关,PMF和SM可以促进玉米拔节后耗水,其中灌浆期增加最为显著,该时期PMF和SM的耗水量分别较CK增加237.7%和83.1%,差异显著(P<0.05);其次是拔节-抽雄期,分别较CK增加31.8%和27.4%,差异显著(P<0.05);玉米收获指数分别提高132.5%和116.1%。【结论】PMF能够增大土壤温度梯度,减少前期地表蒸发为主的水分耗散,保蓄更多水分供后期使用;在后期雨季能够充分利用降水,促进籽粒形成和灌浆,表现较高的穗粒数和百粒重,显著提高产量和水分利用效率。

关 键 词:玉米    全膜双垄沟播    季节性耗水    产量    水分利用效率
收稿时间:2012-09-05

Regulation of Whole Field Surface Plastic Mulching and Double Ridge-Furrow Planting on Seasonal Soil Water Loss and Maize Yield in Rain-Fed Area of Northwest Loess Plateau
WANG Hong-Li,ZHANG Xu-Cheng,SONG Shang-You,MA Yi-Fan,YU Xian-Feng.Regulation of Whole Field Surface Plastic Mulching and Double Ridge-Furrow Planting on Seasonal Soil Water Loss and Maize Yield in Rain-Fed Area of Northwest Loess Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(5):917-926.
Authors:WANG Hong-Li  ZHANG Xu-Cheng  SONG Shang-You  MA Yi-Fan  YU Xian-Feng
Affiliation:1.Dryland Farming Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070; 2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
Abstract:【Objective】Revealing the yield increasing mechanism of whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting in rain-fed area from the perspectives of regulation of seasonal water consumption on maize yield and water use efficiency.【Method】Three treatments, whole field surface plastic mulching and planting in furrows(PMF), whole field surface sand mulching and flat planting (SM), and flat planting without mulching (CK), were designed randomly and replicated three times. Soil temperature, soil water storage, dry mass, yield and yield component factors and soil temperature gradient were determined and analyzed in a long term field experiment. 【Result】PMF and SM had significant regulatory effect on soil water condition during maize growing season. At the max soil temperature point, both PMF and SM only increased soil temperature gradient before heading stage, while increased in whole maize growth stage at the minimum soil temperature as compared with CK. Soil water was regulated by the great significantly and opposite temperature gradient at maximum and minimum temperature points in PMF and SM treatments, so, PMF and SM held more water at early stage to apply to the late stage. The peak of water consumption of maize was closely related to the seasonal distribution of precipitation in all treatments. The soil water loss significantly increased in PMF and SM treatments after jointing stage, especially at filling stage, it increased by 237.7% and 83.1%, and 31.8% and 27.4% at jointing-heading stage, respectively, and the difference was significant as compared with CK. In addition, harvest index of maize in PMF and SM treatments was 132.5% and 116.1% higher than CK, respectively. 【Conclusion】PMF increased soil temperature gradient, inhibited evaporation by plastic mulching, held more water at early stage to apply to the late stage. Additionally, PMF increased rainwater use in raining season (i.e. maize reproductive growth stage), promoted grain filling, caused the grain number per spike, 100-grain weight, maize yield, and WUE increased significantly.
Keywords:corn  whole field surface plastic mulching and double ridge-furrow planting  seasonal soil water loss  yield  water use efficiency
本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录!
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息
点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载全文
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号-23

京公网安备 11010802026262号