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高产高效夏玉米的冠层结构及其光合特性
引用本文:靳立斌,张吉旺,李波,崔海岩,董树亭,刘鹏,赵斌.高产高效夏玉米的冠层结构及其光合特性[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(12):2430-2439.
作者姓名:靳立斌  张吉旺  李波  崔海岩  董树亭  刘鹏  赵斌
作者单位:山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安,271018
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31271662)、山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203100)、国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD21B0601)
摘    要:【目的】研究高产高效夏玉米的冠层结构特性,探讨高产高效形成的生理机制,为夏玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】通过对播种方式、播种时间、种植密度、施肥时期及用量和收获时间等综合农艺管理措施的合理优化,设置综合生产管理(MT)和施氮量试验(NT),研究探讨高产高效夏玉米的冠层结构特征和光合特性。【结果】施氮量试验中,施氮184.5 kg?hm-2(N2)时,产量、穗位及底层透光率达到最高,超过这一水平,产量、透光率和净光合速率均有所降低。综合生产管理中,再高产高效处理的叶面积指数从大喇叭口期(V12)到抽雄后6周(6WAT)始终维持在4.4以上,生育后期下降缓慢;穗位及底层透光率以及茎粗、穗位茎节长、株高和穗位高等植株性状整齐度相对较高,获得了10.91 t?hm-2的产量和54.97 kg?kg-1的氮素利用效率。【结论】单一增施氮肥,产量没有持续增加,冠层透光率有所下降;将栽培方式与肥料运筹结合,再高产高效处理的叶面积指数高值持续时间较长,穗位叶层透光率、植株性状整齐度和净光合速率较高,实现了产量与氮素利用效率的协同提高。

关 键 词:夏玉米    农艺措施    氮素管理    冠层结构    产量    氮素利用效率
收稿时间:2012-09-28

Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of High Yield and High Nitrogen Efficiency Summer Maize
JIN Li-Bin,ZHANG Ji-Wang,LI Bo,CUI Hai-Yan,DONG Shu-Ting,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin.Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of High Yield and High Nitrogen Efficiency Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(12):2430-2439.
Authors:JIN Li-Bin  ZHANG Ji-Wang  LI Bo  CUI Hai-Yan  DONG Shu-Ting  LIU Peng  ZHAO Bin
Affiliation:Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
Abstract:【Objective】Canopy structure and characteristics of high yield and high nitrogen efficiency summer maize were studied to discuss the physiological mechanism of achieving high yield and high nitrogen efficiency, which will provide a theoretical basis for high yield and high nitrogen efficiency cultivation of summer maize.【Method】Integrated management experiment (MT) and nitrogen treatments (NT) were designed to achieve high yield and high nitrogen efficiency and then reveal canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize by optimizing integrated agricultural management, such as sowing date, sowing methods, planting density, fertilizers applied date and levels, and so on.【Result】In NT, grain yield and light transmission of ear layer and ground floor achieved maximum at 184.5 kgN?hm-2 while the leaves area index (LAI) high value duration was long. Beyond this level, light transmission and net photosynthetic rate of ear layer decreased actually. In MT, the leaf area index (LAI) of further optimized combination of cropping systems and fertilizer treatment (Opt-2) always remained above 4.4 from twelve-leaf stage (V12) to six weeks after tasseling stage (6WAT) and its decrease speed was low in latter growing period; its light transmission of ear layer and ground floor, the internode length above ear, the uniformity of plant character was high, achieving grain yield of 10.91 t?hm-2 and nitrogen use efficiency of 54.97 kg?kg-1.【Conclusion】Grain yield did not increase as nitrogen fertilizer application increasing without limit and light transmission decreased when nitrogen fertilization was large. With an integration of agronomic measures and fertilizers management, the LAI high value duration of Opt-2 was longer. light transmittance of ear layer, the uniformity of plant character, the net photosynthetic rate, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency were high. Consequently, Opt-2 achieved both higher yields and higher nitrogen use efficiency.
Keywords:summer maize  agronomic management  nitrogen fertilizer management  canopy structure  grain yield  nitrogen use efficiency
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