| 稻蟹共生系统水稻栽培模式对水稻和河蟹的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐敏,马旭洲,王武.稻蟹共生系统水稻栽培模式对水稻和河蟹的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1828-1835. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐敏 马旭洲 王武 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室/上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心;上海高校知识服务平台上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心;淮安市水产技术指导站; |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市中华绒螯蟹产业技术体系(D-8003-10-0208);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101);国家星火计划项目(2011GA680001);欧盟FP7亚欧水产平台(245020);上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心(ZF1206) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】稻蟹共生生态系统是一种新型稻田种养模式，对推动水稻种植变革和加快现代农业发展具有重要意义。目前关于稻蟹生态种养模式的研究主要集中于河蟹放养密度、水稻生长情况及产量、水体生态环境和浮游生物等研究，而关于水稻栽插密度方面的研究尚未见报道。本试验旨在研究不同水稻栽培模式对水稻茎蘖情况、植株生物产量、茎秆构成、产量构成及综合经济效益的影响，探索通过优化水稻栽插密度以达到水稻性状指标的最佳及产量效益的最大化，进一步完善稻蟹共作模式的技术和理论体系研究。【方法】试验共设置养蟹田单穴单株水稻（T1）、单穴双株水稻(T2)、单穴四株水稻(T3)和不养蟹田单穴双株水稻（CK）4个处理，每个处理3个重复，每处理单元格面积为50 m2，其中养蟹田每试验小格放养规格为12 000 只/kg的幼蟹（Ⅲ期仔蟹）900 只，生长周期共137 d。于水稻的4 个生长时期（返青期、拔节期、孕穗期和成熟期），每试验小区随机选取3 个采样点，每点连续选择10穴水稻，分别测定记录水稻茎蘖情况、生物产量、植株性状指标及水稻产量。【结果】与不养蟹稻田相比，相同水稻栽培密度下养蟹稻田可以增加约0.17个有效蘖/穴，提高水稻植株生物产量3.3%，对水稻茎秆构成影响不显著，但对水稻的结实率和穗粒数影响较显著，同时可以增加约11.5%的水稻产量；养蟹稻田内各试验处理间水稻分蘖数受每穴栽插株数影响显著，单穴四株有效穗数最高且显著单穴双株和单穴单株，水稻生物产量以单穴四株最高，水稻茎秆性状则随水稻栽插密度增加呈现逐渐弱化趋势；单穴单株水稻的穗粒数、结实率、千粒重较其他处理则分别提高6—26个、1.2%—3.6%、1.5%—3.3%，其他性状指标则要低于平均水平。【结论】基于水稻生长性状指标及经济效益分析，养蟹田单穴单株水稻植株性状要优于其他处理，水稻产量则以养蟹田单穴四株水稻产量最高；基于幼蟹产量及效益考虑，单穴单株幼蟹产量要明显高于其他两个处理，单穴单株水稻性状优势明显且综合经济效益达到最高。
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| 关 键 词： | 稻蟹共生 栽培模式 产量构成 经济效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-09-05 |
Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Rice Yield and Crab in Rice-Crab Culture System |
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| XU Min-,MA Xu-Zhou-,WANG Wu-.Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Rice Yield and Crab in Rice-Crab Culture System[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(9):1828-1835. |
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| Authors: | XU Min- MA Xu-Zhou- WANG Wu- |
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| Affiliation: | 1、Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University/Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture/Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, Shanghai 201306;
2、Huaian Fisheries Technical Guidance Station, Huai’an 223001, Jiangsu |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Rice-crab culture system is a relatively new paddy cultivation and breeding model, and it has a great advantage in production and development potential. Rice-crab culture system could ameliorate rice field aquatic ecological environment, increase soil effective nutrition, promote rice growth and development, improve resource utilization rate, ameliorate cultivation structure, and increase rural income, etc. Rice-crab ecological breeding model studies were mainly focused on the crab stocking density, rice growth, yield, water environment and plankton, etc., but few of research reports on rice cultivation density. The effects of different rice cultivation patterns on rice tiller, rice biomass production, rice stem characters, rice yield composition, crab and rice paddies comprehensive economic benefits were studied. 【Method】 Four treatments were designed, i.e. one plant per hill in rice-crab (T1), two plants per hill in rice-crab (T2), four plants per hill in rice-crab (T3), two plants per hill in rice (CK), and stock 900 juvenile crabs in rice-crab paddy field. Four replicates were designed for each treatment and cultivated for 137 d. Thereafter, rice growth indices and crab traits were measured. 【Result】 Crab bait protein content was about 32%, crab fed at 4 pm and the feeding amount for crabs was generally 3%-5% of body weight. Compared with conventional paddy fields, rice-crab paddy fields could increase 0.17 tillers per hill, 3.3% of biomass production and 11.5% of rice yield, rice stem characters were not significantly affected, seed setting rate and grain number per panicle were significantly affected. Different cultivation patterns showed no significant effect on rice-crab paddy fields. The size of four plants per hill had the highest biomass production, rice stem characters showed an increasingly decreasing trend with the decrease of plant spacing. The treatment of one plant per hill increased the grain number per panicle by 6-26, seed setting rate by 1.2%-3.6% and 1000-grain weight by 1.5%-3.3%.【Conclusion】Based on rice growth indices and economic benefits, the optimal cultivation pattern was one plant per hill. |
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| Keywords: | rice-crab culture cultivation patterns yield composition economic benefits |
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