| 大蒜秸秆对番茄根结线虫病及根际微生态的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 巩彪,张丽丽,隋申利,王秀峰,魏珉,史庆华,杨凤娟,李岩.大蒜秸秆对番茄根结线虫病及根际微生态的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):933-941. |
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| 作者姓名： | 巩彪 张丽丽 隋申利 王秀峰 魏珉 史庆华 杨凤娟 李岩 |
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| 基金项目： | 十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2014BAD05B03）、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-25）、山东省现代农业产业技术创新体系（SDAIT-02-022-08） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究土壤添加大蒜秸秆对番茄根结线虫病及根际微生态的影响,旨在探明大蒜秸秆对植物、根结线虫病和根际微环境的综合效应,为合理开发大蒜秸秆资源提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】试验设置土壤添加0(CK)、1%(T1)、2%(T2)、4%(T3)和8%(T4)共5个大蒜秸秆添加浓度(w/w)。于日光温室中采用装有5 kg田园土的花盆(直径20 cm,深20 cm)进行番茄幼苗培养,缓苗后于番茄幼苗周围打洞接种南方根结线虫二龄幼虫(5 000 J2/株)。每30盆作为一个处理,培养温度控制在白天/夜晚为28—32℃/15—23℃。于处理10、30和50 d后取番茄根系样品,并采用抖动法收集根际土壤样品,测定番茄植株的生物量;统计根结线虫数、雌虫数、雌虫比例、卵块数、卵粒指数、繁殖系数、根结指数等病情指数和相对防治效果;分析根际土壤中的脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶等主要土壤酶活性;测定根际土壤中的细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,以及植食性线虫、食细菌线虫、食真菌线虫和杂食捕食性线虫等不同营养类群的土壤线虫数。【结果】随着大蒜秸秆施用量的增加,番茄植株的生物量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。其中,T1处理略高于CK,而T2处理略低于CK。相对防治效果随着大蒜秸秆施用量的增加呈现递增趋势,分别达到13.6%、50.0%、72.7%和81.8%;土壤添加大蒜秸秆显著降低了根结线虫二龄幼虫向雌虫分化的比例,并降低其卵块数、卵粒指数和繁殖系数。土壤添加大蒜秸秆降低了根际土壤尿酶和磷酸酶活性,但提高了纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性。另外,土壤添加大蒜秸秆可显著增加根际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。其中,细菌数随着大蒜秸秆施用量的增加呈现先增后减的趋势,其峰值出现在T2处理;而真菌和放线菌则随着大蒜秸秆施用浓度的增加呈现递增趋势。土壤引入大蒜秸秆后,植食性线虫数量随着施用浓度的增加呈现递减趋势;同一浓度下,植食性线虫数随着施用时间的延长呈现递增趋势。而食细菌、食真菌和杂食捕食性线虫数量则随着大蒜秸秆施用量的增加呈现先增后减的趋势;相比之下,食真菌线虫数增幅相对较小。【结论】综合考虑大蒜秸秆对番茄旺盛生长期的植株生长、根结线虫病防控和根际微生态的影响,以T2处理(2%)的大蒜秸秆添加量较为适宜。
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| 关 键 词： | 番茄 根结线虫 大蒜秸秆 根际微生态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-04-20 |
Effects of Garlic Straw Application on Controlling Tomato Root-Knot Nematode Disease and Rhizospheric Microecology |
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| GONG Biao,ZHANG Li-li,SUI Shen-li,WANG Xiu-feng,WEI Min,SHI Qing-hua,YANG Feng-juan,LI Yan.Effects of Garlic Straw Application on Controlling Tomato Root-Knot Nematode Disease and Rhizospheric Microecology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(5):933-941. |
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| Authors: | GONG Biao ZHANG Li-li SUI Shen-li WANG Xiu-feng WEI Min SHI Qing-hua YANG Feng-juan LI Yan |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The effects of garlic straw application on controlling tomato root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology have been studied with the purpose of showing comprehensive effects among plants, root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology. This study will provide the theoretical and technical basis for the exploitation of garlic straw. 【Method】 This study was performed with five treatments including 0 (CK), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), 4% (T3) and 8% (T4) garlic straw application (w/w) in pots (both the diameter and depth are 20 cm) with 5 kg garden soil. Then, we planted one tomato seedling in each pot and cultivated them in a greenhouse (28-32℃/15-23℃). Seven days later, five holes were dug around the tomato seedlings and inoculated about 5000 root-knot nematode J2 per seedling. There are 30 pots in each treatment. Tomato root and rhizospheric soil by dithering at the 10, 30, and 50th days after treatment were collected and then we determined the biomass of each tomato plant; disease index including numbers of root-knot nematode, numbers and ratios of female, numbers of egg masses, eggs index, reproduction index, galling index and relative control efficiency; activities of soil enzymes including urease, phosphatise, sucrose, cellulose, catalase and polyhenoloxidase; microbial population of bacteria, fungi and antinomyces, numbers of different nematode trophic groups including phytophagous nematodes, bacterial-feeding nematode, fungal-feeding nematodes and omnivorous-predator nematodes. 【Result】 With the increasing consumption of garlic straw, the biomass of tomato plant firstly increased and then decreased, among which, T1 treatment was little higher than CK and T2 treatment was lower than CK. However, the relative control efficiency was increased with the increasing consumption of garlic straw, reaching 13.6%, 50.0%, 72.7% and 81.8% separately. The ratio of females was decreased by applying garlic straw, which decreased the numbers of egg masses, egg index and reproduction index. The activities of urease and phosphatise were decreased in garlic straw treatments. However, the activities of cellulose, invertase, catalase and polyphenoloxidase in rhizospheric soil were increased. In addition, application of garlic straw significantly increased the numbers of bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes. The numbers of bacterium firstly increased and then decreased, and the maximum value could be observed in T2 treatments. However, numbers of fungi and actinomycetes were increased with the increasing consumption of garlic straw. Application of garlic straw significantly decreased the numbers of phytophagous nematode, but increased the numbers of bacterial-feeding and omnivorous-predator nematode. The increase of the fungal-feeding nematode was not significant. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive consideration of the growth of tomato plants, the protection of root-knot nematode disease and rhizospheric microecology, this study indicated that T2 garlic straw application was better than other treatments. |
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| Keywords: | tomato root-knot nematode garlic straw rhizospheric microecology |
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