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根际溶氧量对分蘖期水稻生长特性及其氮素代谢的影响
引用本文:赵霞,徐春梅,王丹英,陈松,陶龙兴,章秀福.根际溶氧量对分蘖期水稻生长特性及其氮素代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3733-3742.
作者姓名:赵霞  徐春梅  王丹英  陈松  陶龙兴  章秀福
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31171502)、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B14)
摘    要:【目的】研究不同根际溶氧量对分蘖期水稻生长及其氮素代谢的影响,并探讨适宜水稻生长及提高其氮素利用效率的溶氧浓度。进一步完善水稻需氧规律、了解氧气在水稻生长中的作用,为中国中低产田——潜育性稻田的改良、水稻产量及氮肥利用效率进一步提高提供参考及理论依据。【方法】正式试验在2013年于中国水稻研究所网室进行。试验采用国际水稻所营养液配方进行水培,营养液中添加双氰胺抑制硝化作用,控制营养液铵硝比约为1﹕1;供试材料为常规籼稻中嘉早17和常规粳稻秀水134;移栽行间距为15 cm,移栽后10 d进行不同梯度的氧处理,通过安装水体循环泵将空气中的氧气带入营养液以控制营养液中的氧气含量,试验设置了对照(CK:氧气含量为0.3—2.5 mg·L-1)、中氧(MO:氧气含量为2.3—5.5 mg·L-1)、高氧(HO:氧气含量为6.5—8.0 mg·L-1)3个处理,处理时间为15 d。采用便携式溶氧仪(YSI550A,美泉,美国)测定营养液中溶氧量。【结果】(1)2个品种的根茎叶干物重及氮积累量均呈MOHOCK的趋势,并且MO处理与CK达到显著水平;(2)2个品种MO处理的叶面积指数、根系数、根系吸收面积,叶片氮光合利用效率和分蘖数均显著高于HO处理和CK,增氧处理MO和HO最长根长显著高于CK;(3)和秀水134相比,中嘉早17对根际氧含量比较敏感。相对于CK,中嘉早17 MO处理根茎叶干物重和氮积累量的增长幅度显著高于HO处理,且HO处理的根数、根系活力吸收面积及总吸收面积与CK之间差异不显著。虽然秀水134增氧处理的根茎叶干物质积累量、根叶氮积累量、根系体积和根系活力吸收面积均显著高于CK,但MO和HO处理之间没有显著的差异;(4)两品种氮代谢关键酶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性在根系和叶片之间的变化趋势不一致,但两品种在3个处理间变化一致,MO处理两品种叶片氮光合利用效率显著高于HO处理和CK。【结论】适量的根际溶氧量促进地上分蘖、叶面积的形成,增加光能截获,同时促进根系形态建成,根系吸收面积增加,形成水稻早期快速生长势,同时显著增加叶片氮光合利用效率;但过高浓度的溶氧量将会减弱增氧对水稻生长的促进作用,不同品种对根际溶氧量的敏感程度也有所不同,相对于秀水134,中嘉早17对根际氧含量较敏感,较适的溶氧量范围为2.3—5.5 mg·L-1。

关 键 词:水稻  分蘖期  根际溶氧量  生长特性  氮素代谢
收稿时间:2014-11-24

Effect of Rhizosphere Oxygen on the Growth Characteristics of Rice and Its Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage
ZHAO Xia,XU Chun-mei,WANG Dan-ying,CHEN Song,TAO Long-xing,ZHANG Xiu-fu.Effect of Rhizosphere Oxygen on the Growth Characteristics of Rice and Its Nitrogen Metabolism at Tillering Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3733-3742.
Authors:ZHAO Xia  XU Chun-mei  WANG Dan-ying  CHEN Song  TAO Long-xing  ZHANG Xiu-fu
Affiliation:1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006;2. Zigong Institute Agricultural Sciences, Zigong 643000, Sichuan
Abstract:【Objective】 The objective of this paper is to study the effect of rhizosphere oxygen content on rice growth characteristics and nitrogen metabolism, and the suitable concentration of rhizosphere oxygen for the growth and nitrogen metabolism of rice at tillering stage. The results of this experiment will be helpful to know the law of oxygen demand and the role of oxygen on rice growth, and provide the reference and a theoretical basis for modification of cold waterlogged paddy field and further improvement of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.【Method】The formal experiment was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2013. Two conventional cultivars Zhongjiazao17 and Xiushui134 were grown in hydroponic condition at the space of 15 cm×15 cm with dicyandiamide to keep NH4+:NO3-=1:1 in nutrition solution. At ten days after transplanting, the oxygenated devices were installed to control the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution, and three oxygen treatments were set in this experiment for fifteen days: CK(0.3-2.5 mg·L-1), moderate oxygen (MO: 2.3-5.5 mg·L-1) and high oxygen (HO: 6.5-8.0 mg·L-1). The portable dissolved oxygen meters(YSI550A, American)was used to examine the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution【Result】The highest dry matter weight of root, stem and leaf as well as the accumulation of nitrogen were observed in MO treatment, followed by HO treatment and CK in both cultivars. The significant differences between MO treatment and CK were found. The leaf area index, root number, root absorbing area, nitrogen utilization efficiency and tiller numbers of rice in MO treatment were significantly higher than those in HO treatment and CK. The longest root of the two aeration treatments (MO and HO) was markedly higher than CK. The results in this experiment also indicated that Zhonjiazao 17 was more sensitive to oxygen in solution than Xiushui-134, since higher increase in dry matter weight of root, stem and leaf as well as nitrogen accumulation of Zhonjiazao 17 in MO treatment were examined than those of HO treatment compared with CK, whereas there were no significant differences in dry matter weight and nitrogen accumulation of Xiushui 134 between the MO and HO treatments. The variation tendency of the activity of the two key enzymes glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase in nitrogen metabolism were different between leaves and root, but the difference among the treatments was same in two cultivars. The highest photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in MO treatment was observed. 【Conclusion】The fast growth potential is established with the significant promotion of the appropriate oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution on tillering number, formation of leaf area, light capture and root growth, whilst the photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency is enhanced. However, the promotion of aeration on rice growth reduced in high oxygen concentration. At same time there are different responses among the varieties. The suitable oxygen concentration for rice growth and nitrogen use efficiency is around 2.3-5.5 mg·L-1.
Keywords:rice  tillering state  rhizosphere oxygen  growth characteristics  nitrogen metabolism
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