| 不同种植年限设施菜地土壤微生物量和群落结构的差异 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋蒙亚,李忠佩,吴萌,刘明,江春玉.不同种植年限设施菜地土壤微生物量和群落结构的差异[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(18):3635-3644. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋蒙亚 李忠佩 吴萌 刘明 江春玉 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划（2012BAD05B04）、国家自然科学基金（41171233） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同种植年限设施菜地土壤微生物量和群落多样性变化规律,探索高度集约利用下土壤质量退化的根本原因和机理,为设施菜地土壤可持续利用提供理论参考。【方法】采集江苏省常熟市由稻麦轮作农田转变为设施菜地种植3 a、6 a和10 a等3个不同年限0—20 cm表层土壤,以周围种植水稻/小麦的农田土壤作为参照,分别测定土壤理化性质、微生物量和微生物群落多样性等指标。【结果】由稻麦轮作农田转变为设施菜地种植3 a的土壤微生物活性较强,养分含量较高;种植6 a后微生物活性明显降低,速效养分含量积累。种植年限从3 a到10 a,速效氮含量升高66.1%,速效磷含量升高97.2%。种植3 a以内p H接近中性,而种植6 a以上p H降低至酸性。土壤微生物量碳和微生物商在种植3 a均最高,种植6 a和10 a后显著降低。微生物群落的碳源利用指纹(BIOLOG)分析表明,种植3 a平均吸光值(AWCD)和微生物多样性指数(Shannon、Simpson和Mc Intosh)均最大,对碳源的利用能力最强,种植6 a和10 a明显降低,其中AWCD和Shannon指数分别比种植3 a降低了96.1%、15.4%和89.7%、17.6%。磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析表明,种植3 a PLFA总量及细菌、真菌、放线菌PLFA含量均最大,而种植6 a和10 a以上指标均明显降低,其中,种植10 a土壤的PLFA总量及细菌、真菌、放线菌PLFA含量分别比种植3 a降低27.4%、21.8%、42.7%、49.4%(P0.05)。【结论】随着设施菜地种植年限增加,土壤微生物量和群落结构发生了明显变化,设施菜地种植3 a土壤微生物活性和群落结构稳定性明显增强,而种植6 a以上土壤微生物活性和群落结构稳定性明显降低,土壤生物质量显著退化。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤养分 微生物量 微生物商 微生物群落结构 /> |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-01-12 |
Changes in Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure with Cultivation Chronosequence of Greenhouse Vegetables |
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| SONG Meng-ya,LI Zhong-pei,WU Meng,LIU Ming,JIANG Chun-yu.Changes in Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure with Cultivation Chronosequence of Greenhouse Vegetables[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(18):3635-3644. |
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| Authors: | SONG Meng-ya LI Zhong-pei WU Meng LIU Ming JIANG Chun-yu |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 This paper mainly studied the changes in soil microbial biomass and community structure with cultivation chronosequence of greenhouse vegetables, and explored the reason and mechanism of soil degradation under highly-intensified land use. The results would provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for soil quality maintenance and sustainable utilization of farmland. 【Method】 In this study, 0-20 cm soils were collected in 3 a, 6 a and 10 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation converted from rice-wheat rotation farmland in Changshu city, Jiangsu Province, with the adjacent rice-wheat rotation farmland as control. Soil nutrients, microbial biomass and microbial community diversity were measured. 【Result】 Soil in 3 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation converted from rice-wheat rotation farmland had rich microbial diversity and high nutrient contents. While soil in 6 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation showed significant acidification and microbial diversity decrease and nutrient accumulation. From 3 a to 10 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the available nitrogen increased by 66.1% and the available phosphorus increased by 97.2%. Soil pH in 3 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation was neutral, while that in 6 a cultivation was significantly to be acidic. Soil microbial biomass C and microbial quotient in 3 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation were higher than those in 6 a and 10 a cultivation. BIOLOG analysis showed that AWCD value and microbial diversity index in the soil of 3 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation were the highest among all treatments, which means the maximum absorption and utilization for carbon sources. PLFA analysis showed that soil in 3 a greenhouse vegetable cultivation had highest total PLFA concentrations in microorganisms and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, while those in 10 a cultivation significantly decreased by 27.4%, 21.8%, 42.7%, and 49.4% (P＜0.05), respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the diversity of microbial community structure had changed significantly.【Conclusion】The soil microbial properties changed significantly with cultivation years of greenhouse vegetable. In a 3 a of greenhouse vegetable cultivation, high amount of fertilizer application would increase soil microbial biomass and community diversity. In case it extended to 6 a cultivation soil pH and microbial diversity obviously decreased and soil biological quality degraded significantly. The rational application of fertilizer should be emphasized to prevent soil degradation. |
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| Keywords: | soil nutrient microbial biomass microbial quotient microbial community structure
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