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长期施用有机肥与化肥氮对华北夏玉米N_2O和CO_2排放的影响
引用本文:李燕青,唐继伟,车升国,温延臣,孙文彦,赵秉强.长期施用有机肥与化肥氮对华北夏玉米N_2O和CO_2排放的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(21):4381-4389.
作者姓名:李燕青  唐继伟  车升国  温延臣  孙文彦  赵秉强
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所专项资金(IARRP-2015-3)
摘    要:目的]等施氮量条件下,比较有机肥与化肥田间施用后农田温室气体(CO2和N2O)的排放量及其增温潜势,正确认识有机肥与化肥在田间温室气体排放过程中的贡献,为制定田间合理的减排措施提供理论依据。方法]在华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米种植制度下,以8年的长期定位试验为平台,利用静态箱-气相色谱法,于2014年6—10月,持续监测了化肥和有机肥在不同施肥水平下潮土玉米季土壤N2O和CO2的排放特征,并估算玉米季温室气体排放量及其产生的综合温室效应。结果]施用有机肥与化肥农田土壤N2O的排放通量变化基本一致,施肥后出现短暂的排放高峰,之后逐渐趋于平稳;等氮条件下,化肥处理的N2O日排放通量明显高于有机肥处理,峰值过后的稳定期内有机肥处理的N2O排放通量略高于化肥处理。化肥的施用对农田土壤CO2的排放规律影响不明显,有机肥施用后CO2会出现持续的排放高峰。施用有机肥与化肥均会增加N2O的排放总量,且随施氮增加N2O排放总量显著增加;等氮量条件下,化肥处理的N2O排放总量显著高于有机肥。有机肥处理显著增加了农田土壤CO2的排放量,而化肥对CO2排放总量的影响不明显。施氮量为240kg·hm-2时,有机肥和化肥处理作物产量均达到较高水平,而温室气体的排放强度(GHGI)最低,分别为0.27、0.63 kg·hm-2,高于此施氮量,有机肥和化肥处理的GHGI均会明显增加。结论]大量施用有机肥和化肥都会产生过多的温室气体。由于有机肥的固碳效应,化肥处理GHGI高于有机肥处理,适量施用有机肥是实现农田固碳减排的重要途径。

关 键 词:有机肥  化肥  N2O  CO2  排放强度  夏玉米
收稿时间:2015-03-24

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Emission of CO2 and N2O from the Summer Maize Field in the North China Plain
LI Yan-qing,TANG Ji-wei,CHE Sheng-guo,WEN Yan-chen,SUN Wen-yan,ZHAO Bing-qiang.Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Emission of CO2 and N2O from the Summer Maize Field in the North China Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(21):4381-4389.
Authors:LI Yan-qing  TANG Ji-wei  CHE Sheng-guo  WEN Yan-chen  SUN Wen-yan  ZHAO Bing-qiang
Affiliation:1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081;2.Dezhou Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, Shandong
Abstract:【Objective】 Under equal N rates, chemical fertilizer was compared with organic fertilizer in terms of the emission of GHG (CO2 and N2O) and GWP to properly understand the contribution of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in the field. The present research will be helpful in establishing GHG emission reduction measures.【Method】In a 8 year field experiment, CO2 and N2O emission flux from the Fluvo-aquic soil of summer maize were measured for 5 months (from June to October in 2014) by using a static chamber-gas chromatograph technique, and GHG effect and total season emission were also estimated. 【Result】Both the chemical fertilizer treatments and the organic fertilizer treatments had similar N2O emission curves. A temporary peak of N2O emission flux occurred after fertilization, and then the curves became stable. Under equal N rates, the N2O flux of chemical fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of organic fertilization treatments, but organic fertilization treatments were higher than chemical fertilizer treatments in a stable phase after the peaks. Chemical fertilizer had little influence on CO2 emission curves. Continuous peaks of CO2 emission flux occurred after application of organic fertilization. Both the organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can increase the emission of N2O. The emission of N2O increased with the increase of nitrogen application. Under equal N rates, total N2O emissions of chemical fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than organic fertilizer treatments. Application of organic fertilizer significantly increased CO2 emissions, but the effect of chemical fertilizer on CO2 emissions were not significant. When the N fertilizer rate was 240 kg·hm-2 , both the chemical fertilizer treatments and organic fertilizer treatments had high level yields and a minimum GHGI, that were 0.27, 0.63 kg·hm-2. Treatments with a higher N rates than 240 kg·hm-2 had large GHGI values.【Conclusion】Application of more chemical or organic fertilizer would increase the emission of more greenhouse gas. Due to the carbon sequestration effect of the organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer treatments had smaller GHGI values than chemical fertilizer treatments, the suitable rate of organic fertilizer was an important solution to sequestrate carbon and reduced GHG emission.
Keywords:organic fertilizer  chemical fertilizer  CO2  N2O  GHGI  summer maize
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