| 中国主要落叶果树果实硒含量及其膳食暴露评估 |
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| 引用本文： | 聂继云,匡立学,李志霞,庞荣丽,杨莲,陈秋生,李安,赵旭博,徐维华.中国主要落叶果树果实硒含量及其膳食暴露评估[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(15):3015-3026. |
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| 作者姓名： | 聂继云 匡立学 李志霞 庞荣丽 杨莲 陈秋生 李安 赵旭博 徐维华 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项（GJFP2014002，GJFP2015002）、中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项（0032014013）、中国农业科学院科技创新工程 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】针对苹果、梨、桃、葡萄、枣、猕猴桃等6种主要国产落叶果树开展果实硒含量及其膳食暴露评估研究,明确硒含量水平及其对消费者健康的风险水平,为水果生产和消费提供参考。【方法】从主产区(包括安徽、河北、河南、江苏、辽宁、山东、陕西和新疆)共采集760个水果样品,采用氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定样品硒含量。分别以硒耐受上限(UTL)、硒最高用量(UIL)和硒适宜膳食摄入量(AI)为评价标准,对中国成人和哺乳妇女每日从6种水果中摄入硒的量(包括平均摄入量、最高摄入量、中间摄入量和最低摄入量)进行风险评估。【结果】⑴测定的760个水果样品,平均硒含量为4.3μg·kg-1,最高硒含量为38.0μg·kg-1,硒含量5μg·kg-1的样品占78.2%,富硒(硒含量≥10μg·kg-1)样品占14.2%;⑵样品间硒含量有异,变异系数分别达到80.0%(枣)、110.0%(葡萄)、116.8%(梨)、125.7%(猕猴桃)、126.0%(苹果)、148.2%(桃)和136.5%(总体);⑶硒平均含量依次为枣(7.3μg·kg-1)葡萄(6.4μg·kg-1)桃(5.5μg·kg-1)猕猴桃(5.3μg·kg-1)梨(4.7μg·kg-1)苹果(1.3μg·kg-1);⑷陕西的梨和桃以及陕西和新疆的葡萄,其硒含量均明显高于其他省份同类水果;⑸中国居民来自6种水果的硒平均摄入量分别为0.032μg·d-1(猕猴桃)、0.120μg·d-1(苹果)、0.183μg·d-1(葡萄)、0.197μg·d-1(枣)、0.213μg·d-1(桃)、0.222μg·d-1(梨)和0.968μg·d-1(总体);⑹风险评估结果显示,中国居民从6种水果中摄入硒的量是安全的,风险指数均低于100%,为0.001%—99.702%(成人)和0.001%—31.847%(哺乳妇女)。【结论】中国6种主要落叶水果的硒含量均普遍较低,富硒产品比例均不高。枣硒含量最高,苹果硒含量最低,其他4种水果之间硒含量差异不明显。有的省份之间水果硒含量存在明显差异。哺乳妇女来自6种水果的硒摄入风险均较成人低。中国居民从6种水果中摄入硒的量是安全的,不会影响人体健康。生产富硒水果是增加中国居民硒膳食摄入量的有效途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 水果 硒 含量 膳食暴露 评估 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-03-02 |
Selenium Content of Main Deciduous Fruits from China and Its Dietary Exposure Assessment |
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| NIE Ji-yun,KUANG Li-xue,LI Zhi-xia,PANG Rong-li,YANG Lian,CHEN Qiu-sheng,LI An,ZHAO Xu-bo,XU Wei-hua.Selenium Content of Main Deciduous Fruits from China and Its Dietary Exposure Assessment[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(15):3015-3026. |
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| Authors: | NIE Ji-yun KUANG Li-xue LI Zhi-xia PANG Rong-li YANG Lian CHEN Qiu-sheng LI An ZHAO Xu-bo XU Wei-hua |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Detection and dietary exposure assessment of selenium content of 6 main deciduous fruits from China (including apple, pear, peach, grape, jujube, and kiwifruit) will provide reference for production and consumption of these fruits in China. 【Method】 A total of 760 samples of above 6 fruits were collected from the main fruits producing areas, including Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang. Selenium in samples was detected by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Risk of selenium daily intake of Chinese adults and lactating women from these fruits (including mean intake, maximum intake, median intake, and minimum intake) were assessed by upper tolerable limit (UTL), upper intake limit (UIL), and adequate intake (AI), respectively. 【Result】Selenium content of 760 samples were 0 (not detected)-38.0 μg·kg-1with an average of 4.3 μg·kg-1. 78.2% samples contained selenium below 5 μg·kg-1, and 14.2% samples were selenium-rich with selenium over 10 μg·kg-1. There were differences in selenium content among samples, and the variance coefficient of selenium content was up to 80.0% (jujube), 110.0% (grape), 116.8% (pear), 125.7% (kiwifruit), 126.0% (apple), 148.2% (peach), and 136.5% (total). The mean selenium contents in different fruits were in the order of jujube (7.3 μg·kg-1)＞grape (6.4 μg·kg-1)＞peach (5.5 μg·kg-1)＞kiwifruit (5.3 μg·kg-1)＞pear (4.7 μg·kg-1)＞apple (1.3 μg·kg-1). Mean selenium content of pear and that of peach from Shaanxi, as well as that of grape from Shaanxi and Xinjiang, were significantly higher (at 5%) than that of the same fruits from the other provinces. Mean selenium daily intake of Chinese from the above 6 fruits were 0.032 μg·d-1 (kiwifruit), 0.120 μg·d-1 (apple), 0.183 μg·d-1 (grape), 0.197 μg·d-1 (jujube), 0.213 μg·d-1 (peach), 0.222 μg·d-1 (pear), and 0.968 μg·d-1 (total), respectively. Risk assessment results showed that selenium daily intake of Chinese from the above 6 fruits were safe, and the risk indexes were all under 100% with the range of 0.001%-99.702% (adults) and 0.001%-31.847% (lactating women). 【Conclusion】Generally, both the levels of selenium and the ratio of selenium-rich production of the above 6 fruits were low. Mean selenium content of jujube and that of apple was the highest and the lowest, respectively, while there was no significant difference between the other 4 fruits. There was a significant difference in fruit selenium content among some provinces. For Chinese, the selenium intake risk from the above 6 fruits to lactating women was lower than those to adults. In short, selenium daily intakes of Chinese from the above 6 fruits were safe with no negative effects on their health. And selenium-rich fruit production is one of the effective ways to increase Chinese dietary intake of selenium. |
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| Keywords: | fruit selenium content dietary exposure assessment |
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