| AquaCrop模型对旱区冬小麦抗旱灌溉的模拟研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 滕晓伟,董燕生,沈家晓,孟鲁闽,冯海宽.AquaCrop模型对旱区冬小麦抗旱灌溉的模拟研究[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(20):4100-4110. |
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| 作者姓名： | 滕晓伟 董燕生 沈家晓 孟鲁闽 冯海宽 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41401476）、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划（2012BAH29B03，2012BAH29B04） |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】根据干旱情况及时采取灌溉措施,对旱区抗旱以及提高水分利用效率具有重要意义。从大田农业的实际情况出发,研究AquaCrop模型在旱区的适用性及干旱年份抗旱灌溉模拟,为实现抗旱保产提供依据。【方法】于2012—2014年,在旱区陕西杨凌及杨凌周边区域进行冬小麦大田试验,采用2013—2014年揉谷试验区的冬小麦观测数据进行模型的参数调试,采用2012—2013年揉谷试验区和2013—2014年武功试验区的冬小麦观测数据进行模型的验证,从而获得Aqua Crop模型在陕西杨凌及周边地区的模型参数。模型参数包括影响冠层生长的冠层增长系数、冠层衰老系数和最大冠层覆盖度,影响生物量积累的水分生产力,影响产量形成的参考收获指数等。然后根据调查的干旱年份2012—2013年的灌溉情况制定出4种灌溉情景,并利用参数本地化后的AquaCrop模型模拟2012—2013年4种灌溉情景对冬小麦生物量和产量的影响,通过模拟结果得出最优灌溉策略。最后比较2012—2013年揉谷试验区、2013—2014年揉谷试验区和武功试验区冬小麦的产量水分利用效率。【结果】在冬小麦冠层覆盖度方面,AquaCrop模型模拟的冠层覆盖度和实测值之间的决定系数(R2)与均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.464和8.0%。在冬小麦生物量模拟方面,AquaCrop模型模拟的生物量和实测值之间的R2和RMSE分别为0.889和1.622 t·hm-2。在冬小麦产量模拟方面,AquaCrop模型模拟的产量与实测产量之间的RMSE为0.377 t·hm-2。2013年为干旱年份,在播种后第77天进行冬灌并且在播种后第172天的拔节期再进行灌溉的两种情景获得最大的生物量;在播种后第77天进行冬灌、播种后第172天拔节期和播种后第200天抽穗期再分别灌溉,小麦产量最高,达到6.451 t·hm-2。2012—2013年揉谷试验区、2013—2014年揉谷试验区和武功试验区冬小麦的产量水分利用效率分别为1.84、1.69和1.82 kg·m-3。【结论】AquaCrop模型能够较好地模拟旱区冬小麦的生物量和产量,并且AquaCrop模型模拟的干旱年份下不同灌溉策略的生物量和产量,基本可以说明不同灌溉时间和灌溉次数对冬小麦最终产量的影响。同时说明2012—2013年增加的2次灌溉使干旱年份冬小麦的产量水分利用效率超过正常年份。以上研究符合当地农业生产实际情况,说明AquaCrop模型可以为旱区抗旱保产提供依据。AquaCrop模型具有很好的应用前景,正逐渐成为一个重要的田间决策工具。
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| 关 键 词： | AquaCrop模型 冬小麦 灌溉 干旱 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-01-23 |
Winter Wheat Irrigation Simulation in Arid Area Based on AquaCrop Model |
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| TENG Xiao-wei,DONG Yan-sheng,SHEN Jia-xiao,MENG Lu-min,FENG Hai-kuan.Winter Wheat Irrigation Simulation in Arid Area Based on AquaCrop Model[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(20):4100-4110. |
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| Authors: | TENG Xiao-wei DONG Yan-sheng SHEN Jia-xiao MENG Lu-min FENG Hai-kuan |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054;2.National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097;3.Key Laboratory of Agri-Informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 It is important to take an irrigation measure in time according to the drought situation in resisting drought and improving water use efficiency. In view of practical field application, this study explores the applicability in arid areaand irrigation simulation in drought year with AquaCrop model. It will provide a guideline in resisting drought and protecting the yield.【Method】 Field surveys and experiments were conducted at Rougu test area and Wugong test area, Shaanxi Province during the typical wheat growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The model parameters were adjusted with the data of Rougu test area acquired in 2013-2014, and the model was validated with the data acquired in Rougu test area in 2012-2013 and Wugong test area in 2013-2014. The model parameters mainly include canopy growth and canopy senescence coefficient, maximum canopy cover, water productivity and reference harvest coefficient. According to the surveys of the factual irrigation situation in 2012-2013, four irrigation situations were developed to simulate their influence on biomass and yield. Consequently, the optimal irrigation strategy was obtained. Finally, the water use efficiency was calculated.【Result】The R2 and RMSE between the simulated and the measured canopy cover were 0.464 and 8.0%, respectively. The R2 and RMSE of simulated and measured biomass were 0.889 and 1.662 t·ha-1, respectively. The RMSE of simulated yield and measured yield was 0.377 t·ha-1. Under the two scenarios that the wheat was irrigated at the 77th day and the 172th day after planting, the largest biomass could be obtained. The highest yield approaching 6.451 t·ha-1 could be obtained under the treatment that the wheat was irrigated on the 77th day, the 172th day and the 200th day after planting. The water use efficiencies of Rougu test area (from 2012 to 2013), Rougu test area (from 2013 to 2014) and Wugong test area (from 2013 to 2014) were 1.84, 1.69 and 1.82 kg·m-3, respectively.【Conclusion】The AquaCrop model could well simulate the development of winter wheat in arid regions, and the different irrigation times and irrigation frequencies have an important effect on winter wheat biomass and yield. Water use efficiency in drought year was higher than in normal year when two more irrigation were added. The experimental results demonstrate that AquaCrop model has a good application prospect in making irrigation strategies in arid area. |
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| Keywords: | AquaCrop model winter wheat irrigation drought |
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