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深旋松耕作法对华北缺水区壤质黏潮土物理性状及作物生长的影响
引用本文:杨雪,逄焕成,李轶冰,任天志,董国豪,郭智慧,王湘峻.深旋松耕作法对华北缺水区壤质黏潮土物理性状及作物生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(16):3401-3412.
作者姓名:杨雪  逄焕成  李轶冰  任天志  董国豪  郭智慧  王湘峻
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)
摘    要:【目的】针对华北高产农区连年旋耕导致耕层变浅、犁底层变厚变硬、耕层生产能力下降的问题,探讨深旋松耕作法在华北地区作物生产上的可行性。【方法】在河北吴桥地区设置了4种耕作处理,即传统旋耕15 cm、间隔深松耕30 cm、深旋松耕30 cm、深旋松耕50 cm,研究大田条件下不同耕作方法对土壤性质与作物产量的影响。【结果】(1)不同耕作处理对土壤蓄水量的影响较大,深旋松耕处理表现出利于降水入渗、储蓄更多水分的优势,并且越是干旱的时段,表现越突出。在冬小麦返青期深旋松耕处理土壤蓄水量均极显著高于旋耕处理和间隔深松处理,其中深旋松耕50 cm处理的0—50 cm土层土壤蓄水量分别比旋耕处理和间隔深松处理增加11.69 mm和10.56 mm,提高12.21%和10.90%。(2)不同耕作方法对土壤容重影响很大,耕作一年半之后,深旋松耕两个处理在0—30 cm土层容重显著低于深松和旋耕两个处理,其中深旋松耕30 cm在20—30 cm土层容重分别比深松和旋耕低了13.67%和13.99%,深旋松耕50 cm在20—30 cm土层分别比深松和旋耕低了14.20%和14.51%,30—50 cm土层深旋松耕50 cm土层依然显著低于其他处理,其中,40—50 cm土层分别比深松和旋耕低了22.66%和22.80%,深松处理在冬小麦播前略低于旋耕处理,之后的时期则与旋耕处理间几乎没有差异。(3)耕作方式的不同对土壤性质有影响,并进而影响作物群体LAI、干物质积累和灌浆速率以及产量的形成,对冬小麦季影响最为显著,其中冬小麦花期深旋松耕50 cm处理的群体LAI分别比旋耕处理和间隔深松处理提高51.98%和39.22%,干物质积累量分别比旋耕和间隔深松处理提高26.78%和16.92%,冬小麦灌浆30 d时深旋松耕50 cm分别比深松和旋耕的籽粒干重提高10.37%和11.40%。(4)所有耕作处理中,深旋松耕土壤耕作处理的作物产量显著高于深松耕作和旋耕耕作,其中耕作一年半后夏玉米季深旋松耕50 cm处理产量达到了13 822.68 kg•hm-2,深旋松耕30 cm处理产量也达到了13 127.87 kg•hm-2,均显著高于旋耕处理,对比旋耕处理分别增产38.19%、31.24%。【结论】考虑生态经济等因素的综合考虑,深旋松耕30 cm处理为最适合华北缺水区的耕作方法。

关 键 词:深旋松耕    土壤    物理性质    产量
收稿时间:2012-12-24

Effects of Deep Rotary Sub-Soiling Tillage on the Physical Properties and Crop Growth of the Sticky Loamy Soil in North China
YANG Xue-,PANG Huan-Cheng-,LI Yi-Bing-,REN Tian-Zhi-,DONG Guo-Hao-,GUO Zhi-Hui-,WANG Xiang-Jun-.Effects of Deep Rotary Sub-Soiling Tillage on the Physical Properties and Crop Growth of the Sticky Loamy Soil in North China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(16):3401-3412.
Authors:YANG Xue-  PANG Huan-Cheng-  LI Yi-Bing-  REN Tian-Zhi-  DONG Guo-Hao-  GUO Zhi-Hui-  WANG Xiang-Jun-
Affiliation:1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Non-Point Source Pollution Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081; 2.Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Dezhou, Dezhou 253000, Shandong
Abstract:【Objective】This study aims at exploring the feasibility of application of deep rotary-subsoiling tillage on crop growth in North China concerning the problems of shallow plough layer, solid plough pan and low soil productivity resulted from the application of rotary tillage in successive years.【Method】Four treatments including rotary tillage 15 cm, interval sub-soiling 30 cm, deep rotary sub-soiling 30 cm, and deep rotary sub-soiling 50 cm were designed in an experiment carried out in Wuqiao of Hebei province to study the effects of different tillage treatments on soil water, soil bulk density changes and crop yield. 【Result】 The results indicate that different tillage treatments greatly affected soil water storage. Deep rotary sub-soiling treatments benefited the precipitation infiltration and water storage, especially under drought conditions. At the turning green stage of the winter wheat, the soil water storage of deep rotary sub-soiling treatments was significantly higher than that of the rotary tillage. Soil water storage of the deep rotary sub-soiling treatment at 50 cm and at 0-50 cm soil layer was 11.69 mm higher than that of the rotary tillage treatment and 10.56 mm higher than the interval sub-soiling treatment, improved by 12.21% and 10.90%, respectively. Different tillage treatments greatly affected soil bulk density. A year and a half after tillage, the soil bulk density of all deep rotary sub-soiling treatments was significantly lower than that of the rotary tillage and interval sub-soiling treatment at 0-30 cm soil layer. Soil bulk density of deep rotary sub-soiling at 50 cm treatment was significantly lower than other treatments at 30-50 cm soil layer. The figure of deep rotary-subsoiling tillage was lower than that of the rotary tillage treatment before winter wheat seeding while showed no difference afterwards. Different tillage treatments affected soil physical property, which further influenced the crop LAI, matter production, grouting process and yield. In all soil tillage treatments, the crop yield of the deep rotary sub-soiling treatment was significantly higher than that of the rotary tillage and interval sub-soiling. After one and a half year, the summer maize yield of the deep rotary sub-soiling at 50cm reached 13 822.68 kg•hm-2 and 13 127.87 kg•hm-2 of that at 30 cm, which is 38.19% and 31.24% higher than conventional rotary tillage, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Deep rotary sub-soiling tillage at 30cm is the most suitable method in this area considering the ecological and economic factors.
Keywords:deep rotary sub-soiling tillage method  soil  physical properties  yield
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