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有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响
引用本文:侯红乾,刘秀梅,刘光荣,李祖章,刘益仁,黄永兰,冀建华,邵彩虹,王福全.有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):516-523.
作者姓名:侯红乾  刘秀梅  刘光荣  李祖章  刘益仁  黄永兰  冀建华  邵彩虹  王福全
作者单位:(江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所);
基金项目:江南丘陵区农田循环生产综合技术集成研究与示范(2007BAD89B18); 南方丘陵岗地红黄壤区沃土技术模式研究与示范(2006BAD25B08); 江西省农业科学院创新基金
摘    要: 【目的】综合评价中国南方双季稻地区化肥有机肥配合施用下水稻产量及土壤肥力效应。【方法】在江西双季稻区进行连续25年的田间定位试验,比较不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、等养分条件下70%化肥配合施用30%有机肥(70F+30M)、50%化肥配合施用50%有机肥(50F+50M)、30%化肥配合施用70%有机肥(30F+70M)的水稻产量和土壤肥力变化。【结果】有机无机肥配施,早晚稻平均产量比不施肥(CK)增产幅度为65.4%-71.5%(P<0.05),比施化肥(NPK)增产幅度为3.9%-7.8%(P<0.05),其中,以30F+70M处理产量最高,年产量达 12 346.90 kg?hm-2。高量有机肥配施处理与化肥处理、低量有机肥配施处理的产量差均呈逐步增加趋势。对土壤肥力的研究表明,长期不施肥会降低土壤肥力,长期平衡单施化肥(NPK)具有明显培肥地力的作用,有机无机肥配施培肥地力作用更明显。【结论】红壤稻田系统的增产和稳产性能均以有机无机肥配施最好,高量有机肥更有利于稻田持续增产,有利于红壤稻田土壤培肥。

关 键 词:水稻  有机无机肥配施  长期定位试验  产量  土壤肥力
收稿时间:2010-05-24;

Effect of Long-Term Located Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility in Red Soil Area of China
HOU Hong-qian,LIU Xiu-mei,LIU Guang-rong,LI Zu-zhang,LIU Yi-ren,HUANG Yong-lan,JI Jian-hua,SHAO Cai-hong,WANG Fu-quan.Effect of Long-Term Located Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility in Red Soil Area of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2011,44(3):516-523.
Authors:HOU Hong-qian  LIU Xiu-mei  LIU Guang-rong  LI Zu-zhang  LIU Yi-ren  HUANG Yong-lan  JI Jian-hua  SHAO Cai-hong  WANG Fu-quan
Affiliation:HOU Hong-qian1,LIU Xiu-mei1,LIU Guang-rong1,LI Zu-zhang1 LIU Yi-ren1,HUANG Yong-lan2,JI Jian-hua1,SHAO Cai-hong1,WANG Fu-quan1(1Soil and Fertilizer and Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Nanchang 330200,2Rice Research Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200)
Abstract:【Objective】The effects of organic manure application on rice yield and soil fertility in double-rice cropping region in south China were evaluated synthetically.【Method】Successive 25-year field experiments were conducted in south Jiangxi of China. Five different treatments with mixed chemical and organic fertilizers, no fertilization (CK), N, P and K chemical fertilizers only (NPK), 70% chemical fertilizers and 30% organic manure (70F+30M), 50% chemical fertilizers and 50% organic manure (50F+50M), and 30% chemical fertilizers and 70% organic manure (30F+70M) with their replications were examined.Each N, P and K application rate was the same in all the treatments (except no fertilization in CK). Crop-rice yield and soil fertility in each treatment were measured for comparison. 【Result】During the twenty-five years plantation, organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers treatments were 65.4%-71.5% (P<0.05) higher than CK, and 3.9%-7.8% (P<0.05) higher than NPK treatment in yield. Rice yield of 30F+70M treatment was the highest in all treatments, reached 12 346.90 kg?hm-2. The difference between 30F+70M and NPK treatments in yield was widening with each passing year, the same as the 30F+70M and 70F+30M treatments. No fertilization for a long time result in soil fertility degeneration, there was a significant increase of soil fertility with a long-time balanced fertilization, and organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers showed the most obvious increase of soil fertility relatively. 【Conclusion】In red soil area, the function and stability of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on rice yield was the best among all treatments in this study. The rice yield and soil fertility could be improved under the condition of high-quantity level of the organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers.
Keywords:rice  organic-inorganic fertilizer combination  long-term experiment  crop yield  soil fertility  
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